Filetype
This report investigates the replacement of halon 1211 in handheld extinguishers used in combat vehicles. Four different tests have been carried out with five available agents: HFC 236fa, HFC 227ea, CO2, water mist and a extinguishing fluid. The results from the tests indicates CO2 to be the best alternative, although it is not as versatile as halon 1211.
This report contains an analysis of the work conducted by the Swedish local authorities regarding the prevention of wild land fires. The results shows that information and prohibiting of lighting fires outdoor are effective methods to reduce the number of wild land fires provided that the guide lines issued from the Swedish Rescue Services Agency (SRV) are followed. Furthermore, the web applicatio
What should an incident commander think about when he responds to marine vessel fires and what help can he/she expect to get from co-operational units? What kind of problems can be expected and what can the incident commander do to solve them? These and several more questions are answered along with ideas for the future.
The municipalities 4Yes have to present an action programme for the public sector and for the rescue service. As a base for their action programme the municipality needs a model. In the model there are two groups which have to cooperate with each other. A safety group and the public administrations and those who have an establishment that is described in the law “protection against accidents” chap
The objective of this work was to examine the impact on evacuation conditions of the road surface material in tunnel fires. The road materials were tested in a conecalorimeter and the results were then used in CFD-simulations. The simulated truck fires in the tunnel were chosen in accordance with E. Paté-Cornell’s Quasi Worst Case. The final result was that the road surface had no impact on the ev
This report intends to present a working method for the collection of data, which an incident commander can use at the scene of the accident during the rescue. This method contains both a general line of thought, as well as the use of different aids, with the purpose of facilitating the collecting of data. This should be well established with the person who performs the collection of data. Finally
This report contains CFD-simulations of a tunnel fire in a scaled down road tunnel, 1:8, with the CFD-code FDS. FDS and its different sub models are evaluated by different configurations of grid nets, the radiation model and slight changes in the material database and the results with respect to temperature and u-velocity are compared to each other. Comparisons of the gain and loss in time by usin
Part of the acts made by the Swedish government under the Tsunami disaster 2004 showed difficulties in registration, cooperation and command. To facilitate these requirements a technical system is needed. This report discusses different kinds of methods for computer support that enable a better command, cooperation and resource management. A requirement specification was made after activity modell
This report evaluates the fire safety of two adjoining facilities. These facilities have large basement systems and are connected under the ground by a long and narrow tunnel. Beneath the north-eastern facility’s basement system stretches a cable culvert trough the entire facility. This report evaluates the risk and identifies areas that need measures for a satisfying fire safety. Using literature
This report presents an evaluation of fire safety in the Swedish city of Mariefred. The buildings of the city are primarily 18th century, made of wood and closely built. A semi quantitative risk analysis method, BSIVI, was used in the inventory of fire safety. This method uses 16 parameters which are weighed against one another to specify the fire safety of each building. The different index value
This report concerns development of international standards within the field of emergency management. A main issue has been to examine if international emergency management standards should be developed, and if so, how and by whom. The research for the purpose of this report has resulted in many arguments associated with potential international emergency management standards. The main conclusion o
In the city of Trosa there is an old district of beautiful buildings of timber houses. The community of Trosa is very kind of protecting and preserve the culture heritage that the buildings reprehensive and the unique surroundings. The Community has the overarching responsibility for the safety of fire for the citizens and the buildings in the area. For each specific private house the owner has hi
In closed institutions, such as prisons, the inmates are locked up and therefore unable to perform an unassisted evacuation in case of fire. Since the assistance of the prison staff is required to escort every inmate to safety, often one at the time evacuation is a time consuming task. The report deals with the issue of whether the conditions in Swedish prisons today regarding evacuation in the ca
This graduation project examines how pool fires in dike areas effect surrounding tanks containing liquid hydrocarbons, as well as other equipment in an oil refinery. The purpose of the report is to investigate a certain tank area at Preemraff Lysekil and give some suggestions to reduce the consequences of a dike pool fire. Calculations and simulations has been done according to heat radiation, flo
The importance of fire and evacuation safety in institutional cares is the main focus of this report. It is written around seven work areas that should be considered to create a high or satisfactory safety level. The report shows that the safety of the patient is directly linked to the nursing staff, since the patient is likely to need assistance both in a situation of fire and in an evacuation si
Basic data for decision-making for Malmö Fire Brigade has been gathered and evaluated for cardiac arrest assistance. Four aspects of cardiac arrest assistance by the fire brigade have been further explored. The first aspect is the effect of a quick response to a cardiac arrest and how the chances of survival changes over time. Secondly the possibility of the fire brigade being first on the scene w
The purpose of this report is to investigate the problem with fire safety at construction sites. If it is found necessary, the report will try to present methods of how the situation can be bettered. Investigations have been made through interviews, visits to building sites and by examining statistics of fires at construction sites. Swedish laws have been studied with the purpose to evaluate how t
This report is a study of methods and engineering guidelines in selection of design fire scenario. Three different guidelines has been studied and compared: ISO 16733, Engineering Guide to Application of Risk Assessment in Fire Protection Design by Society of fire protection engineering and International Fire Engineering Guidelines. Besides that statistics from all the rescue services around Swede
CFD-modelling of fire scenarios inside reactor containment of Reactor 1, Ringhals nuclear power plant. Evacuation exercise from the containment, and evacuation simulation whit the program Simulex were made for comparing of results concerning time to critical conditions and evacuation time.
The aim of this report is to study human behaviour during evacuations and also the possibility to influence this behaviour. To achieve this, unannounced evacuations were perfomed in two cinemas in Helsinborg and Lund, Sweden. The evacuees were filmed during the process of evacuating and afterwards they answered a questionnaire. The equipment used whilst trying to influence the behaviour where flas
