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In this paper we present fully decentralized methods for calculating an approximate zero- forzing (ZF) equalizer in a large intelligent surface (LIS). A LIS is intended for wireless communication and facilitates unprecedented MU- MIMO performance, far superior to that of Massive MIMO. Antenna modules in the grid connect to their neighbors to exchange messages of information needed for interference
With increasing number of wirelessly connected devices having limited energy resources, energy efficient solutions become more and more important. Many studies have addressed schemes where low-power wake-up receivers are used to improve energy efficiency in networks with low traffic intensity (per node) and demands on availability. One such scheme is the duty-cycled wake-up receiver medium access
In this paper, full-and sub-structure characteristic modes (CMs) are explored through the effect of coupling between the target and background structures. The eigenvalues and eigen-current distributions of the first few modes are compared for different coupling levels in the numerical example. Similarities and differences between the two types of CMs in specific conditions are revealed, paving the
This paper presents a broadside antenna with three ports operating at the same frequency. The TM030 and TM003 modes of a patch are excited by two coaxial cables to generate two orthogonal linear polarizations. The patch can be transformed into a slotted SIW cavity whose TE201 and TE102 modes are jointly excited by the third cable. A matching cavity and a matching patch are introduced to broaden th
In massive MIMO systems the uplink pilot signalstransmitted by a terminal define the channel seen by the basestation. This gives the terminal some degree of freedom selectingan uplink pilot transmission strategy. In this paper, we investigatethe benefit of different pilot transmission strategies when increasingthe number of antennas in the terminal. Building on previouswork on a simulation framewo
Topology sensitivity is introduced and defined to be utilized within method of moments. It is based on a series of the smallest perturbations of the investigated structure and, thanks to the application of the Woodbury matrix identity, its evaluation is inversion-free, suitable for vectorization and parallelization, and results in a fast and versatile tool for analyzing antenna optimality.
This paper reports on research undertaken to identify generic and specific barriers to reuse of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE). Thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts from across the value chain including product designers, manufacturers, users and waste managers as well policy makers and academics. The interviews sought to examine perceived and real barriers to r
Objective: Odontoblasts are thought to be involved in innate immunity but their precise role in this process is not fully understood. Here, we assess effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA), produced by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively, on matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) expres
Drøbak Montessori lower secondary school is Norway’s first plus-energy school and also the first school built after the Norwegian Powerhouse-concept, www.powerhouse.no. This concept implies that the building shall produce more renewable energy during the lifetime of the building, than used for materials, production, operation, renovation and demolition. To achieve the energy ambitions for the proj
Different reasons are given as to why children and their parents should be involved in discussions and decisions regarding the child’s care. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child formulates the needs of children and young people in terms of human rights. Ethical duties of health professionals include the obligation to enhance their patients’ competence and ability to participate. The concep
Testosterone deficiency in males is associated with serious comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes type two, and also an increased risk of premature death. The pathogenetic mechanism behind this association, however, has not yet been clarified and is potentially bidirectional. The aim of this clinical trial was to gain insight into the short-term effect of changes in testosterone o
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one of the most common types of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and is associated with increased mortality-risk. Poor-self rated health (SHR) has been associated with elevated inflammatory markers and CVDs. However, little is known about as a predictor of incident VTE. To examine the association between self-rated health, lifestyle and incident VTE among middle-aged
Summary: Reduced kidney function is associated with an increased fracture risk, although the relationship between an age-related decline and fractures needs further investigation. We followed kidney function and fracture risk for 10 years. A mild-moderate decline in kidney function was associated with fracture, but not in advanced age. Introduction: With age, kidney function declines. Though well
Background: Allergic contact dermatitis caused by Cr(VI) is often severe and difficult to treat. Therefore, primary prevention is a main goal but secondary prevention can be valuable to ease the symptoms or prevent relapse of Cr(VI) dermatitis when sensitization has occurred. Barrier creams have been tried for many chemical substances, but until now there is no successful barrier cream against Cr(
The Theory of Characteristic Modes has been shown capable of facilitating the development of many high-quality antennas through providing the characteristic modes (CMs) inherent to a structure. The CMs will change if the structure is altered; this property has been used to adapt terminal antennas, enabling good MIMO performance in compact structures. Previously these designs focused on altering th
