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Popular Abstract in Swedish Syn är avgörande för många djurs överlevnad. En väldigt viktig del av ögat är linsen då ljuset fokuseras genom den. I denna studie har jag undersökt hur fisklinser fokuserar ljus. Valet av fiskar som försöksdjur berodde på att de är lätta att skaffa och deras linser är klotformade, vilket underlättar beräkningen av strålgången och linsens optiska egenskaper. Hos fiskar Vision is an important source of information for many animals. The lens plays a central role in the visual pathway and hence the ecology of these animals. Fish have spherically shaped crystalline lenses that contain a gradient of refractive index. Like all refracting elements, lens performance depends on the wavelength of the refracted light. This wavelength dependent focusing leads to chromatic a

The knowledge concerning electricity consumption, and especially load demand, in Swedish commercial buildings is very limited. The current study deals with methods for electricity consumption indicator development and application of the different methodologies on measured data. Typical load shapes and consumption indicators are developed for four different types of commercial buildings: schools, h

This paper reports on physical limitations on metamaterials in scattering and antenna problems. A dispersion relation for the extinction cross section is derived from the holomorphic properties of the forward scattering dyadic. The result states that for a given volume, there is only a limited amount of scattering and absorption available in the entire frequency range. The dispersion relation is v

Although the divergence over the last decades between Europe and USA has drawn much attention, the dispersion of rates of economic growth is even larger among the countries within Europe. There is reason to presume that the more successful among the European countries are those that have set more innovations into production. This paper exploits the correlation between innovation, as materialized i

The multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) throughput of a given wireless system is a better indication of end user experience, as compared to conventional MIMO performance metrics such as capacity and diversity gains. This paper demonstrates throughput performance of a six-port dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array for Wireless-LAN (WLAN) applications in a measured indoor office environment whe

The paper discusses the legacy of the ujamaa ideology in contemporary Tanzania through the concept of civil religion and current strives along inter-religious and intra-religious lines. By using Demerath III's theory on secularisation and sacralisation, contemporary religious voices in Tanzania are intepreted as agents of secularisation that desacralises the now sacred legacy of the ujamaa ideolog