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Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by severe degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons innervating the striatum. Spiny projection neurons (SPNs), are the principal type of striatal neuron and belong to either of two classes: the D2 receptor-positive indirect pathway SPNs (iSPNs) and the D1 receptor-positive direct pathway SPNs (dSPNs). The thesis aims at investigating dynamic changes of SPNs an
This paper develops new econometric methods for multiple structural break detection in panel data models with interactive fixed effects. The new methods include tests for the presence of structural breaks, estimators for the number of breaks and their location, and a method for constructing asymptotically valid break date confidence intervals. The new methodology is applied to a large panel of US
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a persistent and ascensive global threat influenced by antibiotic misuse and overuse. In the Romanian context, patterns of antibiotic consumption and resistance within the healthcare system are marked in the red scenario on the European map. General practitioners and pharmacists, among others, play a major role in stewardship towards AMR.Aim:
AIMS: Impaired left ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC) has been shown to correlate with worse prognosis in cardiac diseases and heart failure (HF). The extent of the relationship between VAC and circulating biomarkers associated with HF has been scarcely documented. We aimed to explore associations of VAC with proteins involved in HF pathophysiology within a large population-based cohort of middl
BACKGROUND: Despite the detrimental impact of abnormal glucose metabolism on cardiovascular prognosis after myocardial infarction (MI), diabetes is both underdiagnosed and undertreated. We investigated associations between structured diabetes care routines in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and detection and treatment of diabetes at one-year post-MI.METHODS: Center-level data was derived from the Perf
Idag är kvinnorna fler än männen på juristutbildningarna och nästan sju av tio antagna till domarutbildningen är kvinnor. De kvinnliga juristerna är i majoritet inom flera juridiska yrken, för hundra år sedan var situationen en helt annan. Från 1870-talet fick kvinnor lov att studera juridik på universiteten, men det var svårt för dem att hitta arbete efter examen. Hindren i deras väg fanns både i
Academic journals, archives, and repositories are seeing an increasing number of questionable research papers clearly produced using generative AI. They are often created with widely available, general-purpose AI applications, most likely ChatGPT, and mimic scientific writing. Google Scholar easily locates and lists these questionable papers alongside reputable, quality-controlled research. Our an
BIRDS THAT SPEND the winter in a harsh and cold climate face a suite of challenges that require optimization of energy expenditure and energy intake. Some birds roost communally, which can increase energy savings during cold winter nights. However, this behaviour is almost completely absent in chickadees, tits, and titmice (Paridae) as there are very few accounts in the literature of parids roosti
INTRODUCTION: The recent introduction of seed amplification assays (SAAs) detecting misfolded α-synuclein, a pathology-specific marker for Lewy body disease (LBD), has allowed the in vivo identification and phenotypic characterization of patients with co-occurring Alzheimer's disease (AD) and LBD since the early clinical or even preclinical stage. METHODS: We reviewed studies with an in vivo bioma
For young people, a first encounter with criminal justice can have lasting effects. While perceptions of equitable treatment can generate feelings of belongingness and acceptance, treatment perceived as unfair or prejudicial can generate experiences of dissonance and exclusion. However, little research has examined young people’s appraisals of justice system encounters. The purpose of the study wa
High performance powder-based Ni-based superalloys exhibit exceptional in-service properties at elevated temperature, however this leads to reduced machinability and the potential for significant machining induced damage. Field assisted sintering technology (FAST) is capable of consolidating powder rapidly and efficiently, allowing for precise control of the microstructure via the dissolution of s
Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is thought to be associated with considerable suicide risk. This nationwide cohort study quantified the risks of intentional self-harm—including nonsuicidal self-injuries and suicide attempts—and death by suicide in BDD. Methods: Individuals with a validated ICD-10 diagnosis of BDD in the Swedish National Patient Register, registered between January 1, 19
We extend and strengthen a theorem of Bates that says that row-finite graphs that are strong shift equivalent have Morita equivalent graph C*-algebras. This allows us to ask whether our stronger notion of Morita equivalence does in fact characterise strong shift equivalence. We believe this will be relevant for future research on infinite graphs and their C*-algebras. We also study in-splits and o
Measured ice crystal concentrations in natural clouds at modest supercooling (temperature ~>−10°C) are often orders of magnitude greater than the number concentration of primary ice nucleating particles. Therefore, it has long been proposed that a secondary ice production process must exist that is able to rapidly enhance the number concentration of the ice population following initial primary ice
Drosophila melanogaster structures its optic flow during flight by interspersing translational movements with abrupt body rotations. Whether these "body saccades" are accompanied by steering movements of the head is a matter of debate. By tracking single flies moving freely in an arena, we now discovered that walking Drosophila also perform saccades. Movement analysis revealed that the flies separ
The genome of Drosophila melanogaster includes homologs to approximately one-third of the currently known human disease genes. Flies and humans share many biological processes, including the principles of information processing by excitable neurons, synaptic transmission, and the chemical signals involved in intercellular communication. Studies on the molecular and behavioral impact of genetic ris
Cholesterol is an essential membrane component enriched in plasma membranes, growth cones, and synapses. The brain normally synthesizes all cholesterol locally, but the contribution of individual cell types to brain cholesterol metabolism is unknown. To investigate whether cortical projection neurons in vivo essentially require cholesterol biosynthesis and which cell types support neurons, we have
