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Recent studies of the Central Complex in the brain of the fruit fly have identified neurons with activity that tracks the animal’s heading direction. These neurons are part of a neuronal circuit with dynamics resembling those of a ring attractor. The homologous circuit in other insects has similar topographic structure but with significant structural and connectivity differences. We model the conn
We study the limit behaviour of a class of random walk models taking values in the standard d-dimensional simplex. From an interior point z, the process chooses one of the vertices of the simplex, with probabilities depending on z, and then the particle randomly jumps to a new location z′ on the segment connecting z to the chosen vertex. In some special cases, using properties of the Beta distribu
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are frequently associated and share common risk factors, pathophysiological processes, symptoms and clinical signs. Ischemic heart disease, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and atrial fibrillation are common comorbidities of COPD. COPD has been described as an independent risk factor for CVD. Cardiac troponin elevat
The present study focuses on in situ as well as ex situ studies on the sintering of pre-compacted powder mixtures of 50 at% Nickel-50 at %Titanium. In situ studies were carried out by monitoring the changes in morphology of the fracture surface of the compact continuously during heating in the hot stage of an environmental scanning electron microscope. Results on the initiation of sintering and it
The sintering of pre-pressed powders of iron, copper and nickel has been studied in situ using an Environmental scanning electron microscope. The small samples were slowly heated to sintering temperatures in a reducing atmosphere. Continuous monitoring of the fracture surface of the sample revealed the initial formation of inter-particle bonds at relatively low temperatures for fine particles. The
Novel approach for membrane modification to improve separation performance and antifouling stability was proposed. It involves using of 0.1–0.3 wt.% aqueous solutions of Praestol 859 (cationic polyelectrolyte based on copolymer of acrylamide and 2-acryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride) as coagulants upon membrane preparation via non-solvent induced phase separation. It was shown that the additio
The fouling of the membranes in skim milk ultrafiltration with the nominal molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 100 kDa fabricated from different polymers (polysulfone (PSF), polysulfonamide (PSA), aromatic polyamide (PA), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), cellulose acetate (CA) and regenerated cellulose (RC)) was studied. The membrane structure and physical-chemical properties of the selective layer were an
Background: Parastomal hernia (PSH) after urinary diversion with ileal conduit is frequently a clinical problem. Objective: To investigate whether a prophylactic lightweight mesh in the sublay position can reduce the cumulative incidence of PSH after open cystectomy with ileal conduit. Design, setting, and participants: From 2012 to 2017, we randomised 242 patients 1:1 to conventional stoma constr
In this chapter we will describe applications of latent semantic analysis to assess semantic linguistic maturity in children and how well the method can predict whether a child has developmental language disorder (DLD), based on orally produced narratives. Assessment of narrative ability in preschool years captures important cognitive, linguistic and socio-pragmatic skills and is an important prog
The overall aim of this chapter is to present a guide in how to efficiently measure and statistically analyze text and numerical data using the online software SemanticExcel.com; we will focus on the following main functions: 1. Computing semantic similarity scores between the semantic representations of two sets of texts. 2. Testing whether the semantic representations of two sets of texts statis
The design trend for the magnet system of modern synchrotron light sources is moving towards smaller magnet apertures with a reduction of magnet dimensions as a consequence. There are several reasons for this: • to increase the number of focusing cells in a given ring circumference • to increase the multipole field strengths • to reduce the total cost of the magnet and vacuum-systems This chapter
The ability of new neurons to promote repair of brain circuitry depends on their capacity to re-establish afferent and efferent connections with the host. In this review article, we give an overview of past and current efforts to restore damaged connectivity in the adult mammalian brain using implants of fetal neuroblasts or stem cell-derived neuronal precursors, with a focus on strategies aimed t
Introducing the concept of semantic representation in the brain as well as highlighting their relevance for day-to-day human functioning. Presenting a brief overview of different theoretical viewpoints on semantic representation in the brain along with empirical evidence implicating brain areas designated for semantic processing. Illustrating how statistical semantics and semantic spaces have been
Stem cell transplantation can improve behavioral recovery after stroke in animal models but whether stem cell-derived neurons become functionally integrated into stroke-injured brain circuitry is poorly understood. Here we show that intracortically grafted human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived cortical neurons send widespread axonal projections to both hemispheres of rats with ischemic
Semantic analyses are potentially important, but underutilized, tools to study social psychology. This chapter focuses on how semantic analysis, using personal pronouns, can be used to study important phenomena in social psychology. Personal pronouns can be used as proxies for social categories, and the semantic contexts associated to these pronouns can be used to study stereotypes and how groups
The aims of this chapter include describing: how the semantic representations may be used to measure the semantic similarity between words. the validity of semantic similarity as measured by cosine. how semantic similarity scales can be used in research. how to apply t-test to compare two sets of texts using semantic similarity (i.e. “semantic” t-test). how to visualize the word responses by plott
This chapter focuses on using the semantic representations, consisting of a number of semantic dimensions, in multiple linear regressions to predict a numerical outcome variable. We examine whether there is a statistically significant relationship between texts and numerical values. Hence, we ask the question to what extent it is possible to predict numerical (or categorical) data from text data?.
Human beings create meaning from the fact that concepts tend to occur together in a predictable way. When we see a dog, we also see a tail, paws, eyes, legs, fur, and etcetera. In this context, we would see an owner who goes for a walk in the park with the dog that is attached to a leach, and the dog might bark. Thus, the concept of a dog is connected with these other concepts, and when these conc
BACKGROUND: Universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities is an essential human right, recognised in the Sustainable Development Goals as crucial for preventing disease and improving human wellbeing. Comprehensive, high-resolution estimates are important to inform progress towards achieving this goal. We aimed to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of access to drinkin
