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Abstract We test a novel, stochastic model of osmotic water transport in aquaporins. A solute molecule present at the pore mouth can either be reflected or permeate the pore. We assume that only reflected solute molecules induce osmotic transport of water through the pore, while permeating solute molecules give rise to no water transport. Accordingly, the rate of water transport is proportional to
Aquaporin (AQP) facilitated water transport is common to virtually all cell membranes and is marked by almost perfect specificity and high flux rates. Simultaneously, protons and cations are strictly excluded to maintain ionic transmembrane gradients. Yet, the AQP cation filters have not been identified experimentally. We report that three point mutations turned the water-specific AQP1 into a prot
It is unclear how ammonia is transported by proteins from the Amt/Mep/Rh superfamily. We investigated this for the ammonium transporter TaAMT1;1 from wheat expressed in Xenopus oocytes by two-electrode voltage clamp and radio-labeled uptakes. Inward currents were activated by NH +4 or methylammonium ions (MeA+). Importantly, currents increased fivefold when the external pH was decreased from 7.
This doctoral thesis investigates the conceptual, epistemological, andpsychological dimensions of conspiracy theories, aiming to develop a more preciseand philosophically rigorous framework for understanding and evaluating them.The work is structured around five original papers that address key questions:What constitutes a conspiracy theory? Are such theories inherently irrational?How should we co
PURPOSE: The study investigated curative radiation therapy (RT) plus cisplatin versus RT plus cetuximab in patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).METHODS AND MATERIALS: This was a Swedish multicenter randomized phase 3 study. Included patients were randomized 1:1. Patients with T3-T4 tumors underwent a second randomization 1:1 between a final RT dose of
The Andean lakes of northern Chile and southern Bolivia are characterized by their high salinity due to arid climate and high evaporation. These lakes are poorly studied due to access difficulties. The aim of this study is to characterize two shallow saline lakes in northern Chile (Salar de Atacama, 23°S, Chile) and South Lipez of Bolivia (Khalina lake, 22.61°S) using satellite images (Landsat 8).
This paper explores the sociological impact of transitioning justice rituals in physical criminal courtrooms to virtual justice rituals. Traditionally, criminal courtroom rituals – often associated with formal architecture, dress codes, and ceremonial symbols but also including fuzzier aspects such as sensorial experiences and atmospheres – are understood as reinforcing authority, fairness, and le
The Swedish brothers Magnus (Johannes, 1488–1544 and Olaus, 1490–1557) are best known as the authors of two enormous works on Swedish and Scandinavian history. They spent a considerable part of their lives in the shadow of the advent of Lutheranism in Sweden, which was a crisis on a political, religious, and personal level for the brothers, being devout Catholics. Johannes arrived in Sweden in 152
Informal settlements often appear chaotic, seeming perhaps to have emerged without any planning. Evidence suggests however that many slum areas are in fact the result of organized, structured processes carried out with discipline and precision. Formal and informal settlements coexist parallel to one another without significant interaction, and governments and informal planners rarely understand ea
Here we report the results from exploratory analysis using a Bayesian network approach of data originally derived from a large North European study of type 2 diabetes (T2D) conducted by the IMI DIRECT consortium. 3029 individuals (795 with T2D and 2234 without) within 7 different study centres provided data comprising genotypes, proteins, metabolites, gene expression measurements and many differen
BACKGROUND: Previous case-control studies have reported aberrations of the gut microbiota in individuals with prediabetes. The primary objective of the present study was to explore the dynamics of the gut microbiota of individuals with prediabetes over 4 years with a secondary aim of relating microbiota dynamics to temporal changes of metabolic phenotypes.METHODS: The study included 486 European p
Drawing from socio-legal studies on technological governance and notions of the pacing problem between law and new technologies, this chapter addresses how generative AI is regulated in the EU AI Act. Specifically, it focuses on implications of the two-tiered approach to General Purpose Artificial intelligence (GPAI) models, where the top tier is adding obligations to producers of so-called “syste
Recension av den stadshistoriska utställningen på Dunkers kulturhus i Helsingborg.
I artikeln diskuteras organisationen för Dunkers kulturhus i Helsingborg.
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattningDenna avhandling handlar om hur vi kan och bör förbättra våra begrepp för teoretiska syften. Närmare, bestämt handlar den om en metod som kallas explikation, som utvecklades av Rudolf Carnap i slutet av 1940-talet. En explikation går ut på att i vissa teoretiska sammanhang ersätta ett begrepp som redan används i det vardagliga livet eller i vetenskapen med ett likIn this thesis I critically evaluate and develop the method of explication. To explicate a concept is, roughly, to replace it with a similar but more theoretically useful concept. The method was first articulated in the 1940s by Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970) but had been pursued in science and philosophy long before that. I begin the thesis with a critical evaluation of Carnap’s own writings on explic
BACKGROUND: General practices have been a long-standing focus of pharmaceutical promotion, but their financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies remain understudied.AIM: Examine pharmaceutical company payments to general practices in England from 2015-2022, focusing on changing patterns of payments and what this reveals about companies' marketing.DESIGN & SETTING: Descriptive analysi
Accident data analysis is the common basis for any decision-making process on traffic safety strategies and management. The quality of the data, in terms of completeness (accuracy and precision of information about accidents) and coverage (severity of accidents recorded, but also the level of accident reporting or underreporting), is always a concern because it can lead to wrong decisions. An acci
The goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of key concepts related to modelling accident frequency, considering the random nature of traffic accidents. This includes topics such as the expected number of accidents (the 'true' yet unobserved measure of safety), regression-to-the-mean (RTM) and the safety-in-numbers phenomenon, which were briefly introduced in the chapter on accident data. T
Growing concerns about emissions, urban traffic congestion, and the promotion of an active lifestyle are inducing more people to choose bike for their daily commute. The increase in bike usage underscores the need for improving the cyclist’s safety. Our study examined the 72 363 cyclist crashes that occurred in Great Britain in the period 2016-2019 with the objective of (1) examining how various f
The objective of this investigation was to explore a hybrid application of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (FsQCA) to assess the impact of safety-related behavioural traits on the performance of bicyclists using a limited sample of data as a case study. These behavioural characteristics of cyclists are fundamental when specific cyclist groups are
