Världens skogar lagrar stora mängder kol både som levande biomassa och i marken. Skogarnas förmåga att motverka klimatförändring genom att fungera som kolsänkor har erkänts inom global klimatpolitik, till exempel Parisavtalet från 2015 vilket uppmanar länder att minska sina utsläpp av växthusgaser. Sverige är ett av flera länder med ambitiösa målsättningar och har lovat att inte ha några nettoutslGlobal forests store large amounts of carbon both in living biomass and in the soil. The ability of forests to counteract climate change by acting as carbon sinks have been recognized in global climate politics, such as the 2015 Paris agreement which calls for national commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Sweden is one of many countries who have pledged ambitious climate goals, promisin

Background: It is unclear to what extent primary care practitioners (PCPs) should retain responsibility for follow-up to ensure that patients are monitored until their symptoms or signs are explained. Aim: To explore the extent to which PCPs retain responsibility for diagnostic follow-up actions across 11 international jurisdictions. Design and setting: A secondary analysis of survey data from the

Neurotensin (NT) is a 13-amino acid peptide localized in the neuroendocrine cells of the small intestine, which promotes fat absorption and fatty acids translocation in response to lipid ingestion. NT-knock-out mice fed with a high-fat diet are protected from obesity, fatty liver, and the development of insulin-resistance. In humans, higher plasma levels of pro-NT, which is the stable circulating

We investigate the target normal sheath acceleration of protons in thin aluminum targets irradiated at a relativistic intensity by two time-separated ultrashort (35 fs) laser pulses. When the full-energy laser pulse is temporally split into two identical half-energy pulses, and using target thicknesses of 3 and 6 μm, we observe experimentally that the second half-pulse boosts the maximum energy an

The incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and affects β-cell turnover. This study aimed at evaluating if some of the beneficial effects of GIP on glucose homeostasis can be explained by modulation of islet blood flow. Anesthetized Sprague–Dawley rats were infused intravenously with different doses of GIP (10, 20, or 60

Metalloenzymes are proteins that contain one or more metal ions bound to protein. They constitute about one-third of all enzymes known so far and they often perform hard chemical reactions involving small substrates, like H2 and N2. In our research, we focus on those metal ions that are located in the active sites and perform redox reactions, i.e. involving electron transfer. Why enzymes? As we kMetalloenzymes catalyse a wide variety of reactions in nature. In the thesis, I have studied the reaction mechanism of three metalloenzymes, viz. [NiFe] hydrogenase (H2ase), dimethyl sulfoxide reductase (DMSOR) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH), by theoretical methods, namely quantum mechanics (QM), combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanics (QM/MM), as well as QM/MM thermodynamic cycle per

For over 30 years GIS has been a major theme in archaeology, leading scholars to debate the way geo-spatial platforms can contribute to a better understanding of the ancient landscape and a more thorough interpretation of the archaeological record. Recently, the introduction of more advanced software and hardware solutions have made it possible to use GIS for visualizing and analysing even geometr

This dissertation investigates the causes of economic fluctuations in the United Kingdom between the Industrial Revolution and the Second World War. The first part of the dissertation studies the micro origins of fluctuations by focusing on regional variation and its aggregate implications. Chapter 1 constructs estimates of the money supply in Ireland between 1840 and 1921. Chapter 2 develops annu

We develop a structural multivariate spatial regression model allowing us to incorporate both inter- and intralocation effects among different variables. The existing multivariate spatial regression approaches are not able to simultaneously account for these effects. The currently available models either ignore the intralocation effect between the variables, which may result to bias in estimation

How do we judge the direction of self-motion (i.e., heading) in the presence of independent object motion? Previous studies that examined this question confounded the effects of a moving object's speed and its position on heading judgments, and did not examine whether the visual system uses salient nonmotion visual cues (such as color contrast and binocular disparity) to segment a moving object fr

I denna avhandling undersöker vi existens av interna vågor och vågor på en ferrofluid. Interna vågor fortplantar sig på ytskiktet mellan två vätskor av olika densitet. Sådana vågor uppkommer till exempel naturligt i haven mellan brackvatten och saltvatten. En ferrofluid är en vätska innehållande små ferromagnetiska partiklar. När en sådan vätska utsätts för ett magnetfält så blir den magnetiserad This thesis concerns travelling waves in a two-layer fluid and on a ferrofluid jet. We prove existence of several types of such waves by reformulating the corresponding governing equation as an infinite dimensional dynamical system, where an unbounded spatial coordinate is used as time. A center-manifold reduction is then employed to reduce the system to a locally equivalent finite dimensional sys

Purpose: The 4 kallikrein panel, commercially available as the 4Kscore®, is a statistical model that has been shown to accurately predict Gleason Grade Group 2 or greater (high grade) cancer on biopsy and the long-term risk of distant prostate cancer metastases. The panel includes 2 novel markers, namely intact prostate specific antigen and hK2. It has been questioned whether these 2 additional ma

Northern ecosystems are experiencing some of the most dramatic impacts of global change on Earth. Rising temperatures, hydrological intensification, changes in atmospheric acid deposition and associated acidification recovery, and changes in vegetative cover are resulting in fundamental changes in terrestrial-aquatic biogeochemical linkages. The effects of global change are readily observed in alt

Introduction: Medical treatment of women with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss is controversial. The objective was to assess the effects of different treatments on live birth rates and complications in women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Material and methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library, and identified 1415 publications. This systematic review included 21 r

Artikeln vill ge bakgrundshistoria och orientering om dagens situation för mi’kmaq, en etnisk folkgrupp, som främst bebor reservat på Kanadas ostkust. Historiken uppvisar en koloniserad grupp, som influerats av britternas annektering av provinsen och den franska, katolska missionen, men samtidigt finns idag en ny stolthet över att vara mi’kmaq, med reservatslivets mödor och glädjeämnen som gruppen

Det behövs en bredare förståelse för AI-teknologins sociala, etiska och rättsliga effekter, skriver sex företrädare för universitetsvärlden och näringslivet. Sverige har goda möjligheter att nå framgång i den kapplöpning som pågår när det gäller artificiell intelligens, AI. Men det kräver att politiker, universitetsvärlden och näringslivet samverkar och bygger upp en tvärvetenskaplig kompetens.

A critical factor for electronics based on inorganic layered crystals stems from the electrical contact mode between the semiconducting crystals and the metal counterparts in the electric circuit. Here, a materials tailoring strategy via nanocomposite decoration is carried out to reach metallic contact between MoS2 matrix and transition metal nanoparticles. Nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) are success

Ljus kan användas till många saker, allt från att sända radiosignaler och skicka information i optiska fibrer, till att lysa upp hem och utvinna energi via solceller. Det ljus vi är mest vana vid som människor är ett intervall av våglängder mellan 400 och 700 nanometer (en nanometer är en miljarddels meter), som svarar mot alla synliga färger mellan rött och violett. Ett sätt att undersöka sammansIn this thesis we discuss a theoretical description of ultrafast and non-linear spectroscopy. Due to the high intensities and ultrashort pulse durations involved in such experiments, it is necessary to use an explicitly time-dependent formalism. In addition, many of the systems we have considered exhibit strong interactions between the constituent particles, such as electron-electron, electron-nuc