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The paper examines empirically the effect of international trade and geographic proximity on knowledge inflow to Sweden. Swedish patent data is used to trace knowledge flows. Both geographic proximity and international trade are in a first estimation found to affect knowledge flows. An extreme bounds analysis is conducted on the estimated coefficients. The coefficient for geographic proximity is s
This paper deals with the exterior Calderón operator for Lipschitz surfaces. We present a new approach of finding the norm of the exterior Calderón operator for this class of surfaces. The basic tool in the treatment is the set of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Laplace-Beltrami operator for the surface. The norm is obtained as an eigenvalue problem of a quadratic form containing the exterioThis paper deals with the exterior Calderón operator for Lipschitz surfaces. We present a new approach of nding the norm of the exterior Calderón operator for this class of surfaces. The basic tool in the treatment is the set of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Laplace-Beltrami operator for the surface. The norm is obtained as an eigenvalue problem of a quadratic form containing the exterior
Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the ability to self-renew, execute multiple lineage paths, and dominantly reprogram differentiated cells upon cell fusion. Here, we describe an approach that reprograms human B lymphocytes toward pluripotency by generating inter-species heterokaryons with mouse ES cells. This induces a human ES-specific gene expression profile, in which the extent and the rapidity of
Abstract. Frontal cortex activity in the left hemisphere during depression is reduced. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that can increase frontal cortex activity. Therapy based on tDCS and positive psychology (PP) therapy was applied improving patients’ quality of life. The present study compared three conditions 29 participants with clinicFrontal cortex activity in the left hemisphere during depression is reduced. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that can increase frontal cortex activity. Therapy based on tDCS and positive psychology (PP) therapy was applied improving patients’ quality of life. The present study compared three conditions participants with clinical depression
BACKGROUND: A great deal of interest has been focused on finding substitutes for autogenous bone grafts. Among the most interesting materials are different calcium phosphate compositions (e.g., hydroxyapatite [HA]), due to their biocompatible properties in hard and soft tissue.PURPOSE: The bone response to porous ceramic HA granules in combination with two lipid and one polysaccharide carrier was
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a widely expressed neuropeptide that has been involved in nerve regeneration, neurone survival and nociception. In this study, the distribution of PACAP and PACAP-receptors were investigated in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG), spinal cord and medulla oblongata at 3, 7 or 14 days following unilateral sciatic nerve transection using immunoh
An in vitro model was developed for the study of signal transduction between a Cu-wire, miming a neural signal source, and recording electrodes on perforated silicon chips. Phosphorous doped electrodes were used to achieve an all silicon device. The model was used to study signal amplitude as a function of the spatial position, and distance to the signal source. Recordings of the signal crosstalk
The neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) is expressed in sensory neurons. Expression of several neuropeptides is up-regulated in sensory neurons following inflammation. To examine whether also PACAP expression is regulated by inflammation, PACAP expression in L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was determined, using in situ hybridization, after unilateral adjuvant-induced
After unilateral adjuvant-induced inflammation, expression of neuropeptides believed to be involved in the inflammatory response, e.g. substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), is upregulated in innervating sensory neurons. Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is structurally related to CGRP and constitutively expressed in sensory CGRP-containing neurons; the role of IAPP in sensory neur
Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is structurally related to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and has been implicated in glucose homeostasis and diabetes pathogenesis because it is expressed in insulin cells and forms amyloid in pancreatic islets from type II diabetic patients. IAPP is also constitutively co-expressed with CGRP in rat sensory neurons. Whether expression of IAPP is altered by
