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One of the key skills of any scientist is noticing what’s going on. Both in the experiment one’s performing and in one’s data: is there something interesting, reason to doubt one’s data or suspect that one’s theoretical description is insufficient? Many experiments developed for undergraduate teaching still focus on quantitative evaluation. Here we take a different approach where careful observati
Halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a transformative photovoltaic technology, achieving unprecedented power conversion efficiencies. However, the development of electron-transport materials (ETMs), particularly organic ETMs, has significantly trailed behind the rapid progress in hole-transport materials (HTMs). Among the organic ETMs, naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based systems stand
Rationale: There is no consensus on criteria to include in an asthma remission definition in real life. Factors associated with achieving remission after biologic initiation remain poorly understood. Objectives: To quantify the proportion of adults with severe asthma achieving multidomain-defined remission after biologic initiation and identify prebiologic characteristics associated with achieving
Thermal runaway in lithium-ion battery cells poses significant safety risks due to rapid heat generation and potential thermal propagation within a battery system. This study investigates the total heat released and the fraction of energy contained in gas and particles ejected during thermal runaway using a purpose-built calorimeter setup. The results show that the fraction of ejected heat is sign
Until now, computationally designed enzymes exhibited low catalytic rates1, 2, 3, 4–5 and required intensive experimental optimization to reach activity levels observed in comparable natural enzymes5, 6, 7, 8–9. These results exposed limitations in design methodology and suggested critical gaps in our understanding of the fundamentals of biocatalysis10,11. We present a fully computational workflow
Byggnadsblocken som bär framtidens Tanzania I Tanzania och dess grannländer är byggnadsmaterialet sandcrete grunden till mycket av det som byggs när befolkningen ökar kraftigt. Det är billigt, går att tillverka lokalt och kräver inte mer än händer och formar. Ändå rymmer detta enkla block ett större problem. Cementet som behövs är dyrt och klimattungt och bristande kontroller i produktion gör attThis study investigates the potential for sustainable building practices in the sub-Saharan regional context, using small- and medium-scale sandcrete block production in Tanzania as a case study. The research combines a literature review on sustainability challenges in the region with insights from two semi-structured interviews. One with a local practitioner who regularly collaborates with small-
Background: Islet autoantibodies form the foundation for type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis and staging, but heterogeneity exists in T1D development and presentation. We hypothesized that autoantibodies can identify heterogeneity before, at, and after T1D diagnosis, and in response to disease-modifying therapies. Methods: We systematically reviewed PubMed and EMBASE databases (6/14/2022) assessing 10
This work is devoted to the development and comprehensive validation of a new interatomic potential for bcc and hcp refractory alloys based on the Wsingle bondMosingle bondNbsingle bondTasingle bondZrsingle bondTi system. The presented model allows the simulation of various structural transformations, as well as the behavior of crystal defects in several of the phases observed in this system. The
Although the economic impact of standards has been investigated for over two decades, the effect of the entire quality infrastructure, encompassing standards, conformity assessment, accreditation, metrology, and market surveillance, has been examined primarily through specific case studies. The objective of this analysis is to conduct an econometric analysis to assess the economic value of quality
Being one of the largest industries, the agricultural sector is central to achieving EU and UN sustainability goals. However, the role of sustainable business model innovation (SBMI) in low-tech sectors, such as agriculture, remains empirically underexplored, as existing research has largely focused on high-tech industries and large firms. The paper addresses this gap by examining how SBMI can sup
This study examines the relationship between income-related health inequality (IRHI) and macroeconomic conditions. We complement an income group-based analysis of the impact of macroeconomic conditions on mortality by incorporating an analysis of the concentration index as a comprehensive measure of overall IRHI. Using a recentered influence function regression approach, we estimate the impact of
This dataset reports on the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis of a primary amine and some aldehydes along their corresponding Schiff bases. The dataset presented in this work consists of spectral FTIR data acquired in the 80–6000 cm⁻¹ range, along with the corresponding relative IR intensities of the samples. The primary amine and aldehydes were of high purity and were used
The Carina Nebula is an active star-forming region with several open clusters rich in massive OB stars, thus making it an optimal target for studying stellar properties such as rotation for large samples of these early-type stars. We studied a sample of early-type stars probable members of the eight open clusters in the Carina Complex. The observational data consist of high-resolution spectra from
The Grobe-Eberly doublet phenomenon occurs in photoelectron distributions when a field dresses the remaining ion. Its manifestation is due to entanglement between a free electron and a hybrid state of light and matter. Direct detection of such entanglement is however not possible by coincidence schemes due to the dressing mechanism having an inconspicuous phase-correlation effect on the ion. Here,
The landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) diagnosis is evolving rapidly, driven by advances in disease understanding, biomarker tools, and disease-modifying therapies. Modern diagnostic approaches emphasize biological precision, early detection, and dynamic frameworks that adapt to treatment-induced changes in disease biology. These frameworks enable opportunities for
Isolated attosecond pulses are often generated via sub-optical-cycle polarization gating. This technique, based on the precise control of the time-dependent polarization of the infrared driver pulse, enables strong temporal confinement of the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) emission from high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in gases. In this work, we study the influence of pulse propagation between the
The use of large language models (LLMs) is being explored for a multitude of tasks in software engineering (SE), ranging from code generation to bug report assignment. Although LLMs provide impressive results, they require more time and energy than some other machine learning models. For some tasks, simpler models may be more sustainable than LLMs. In this paper, we construct natural language clas
This thesis examined the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on Athenian air quality from March 23rd to May 5th, 2020. The Attica Ground Measuring Network was used to measure the concentrations of NO, NO₂, SO₂, CO, PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, and O₃ for the 2020 lockdown and for the same time period from 2005 to 2019 as reference. Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) concentrations decreased by up to 75% an
Climate neutrality of cities has emerged as a critical goal for sustainable urban development. This is typified by the mission in the European Union (EU) to achieve 100 climate neutral and smart cities by 2030. The idea of carbon or climate neutrality holds diverse interpretations. This paper investigates the dominant socio-technical imaginary for urban climate neutrality within the context of the
