The anisotropy of water diffusion in brain tissue is affected by both disease and development. This change can be detected using diffusion MRI and is often quantified by the fractional anisotropy (FA) derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Although FA is sensitive to anisotropic cell structures, such as axons, it is also sensitive to their orientation dispersion. This is a major limitation t

We study high-order harmonic generation in argon driven by an intense 800 nm laser field and a small fraction of its second harmonic. The intensity and divergence of the emitted even and odd harmonics are strongly modulated as a function of the relative delay between the two fields. We provide a detailed analysis of the underlying interference effects. The interference changes drastically when app

We analysed the responses of 11 ecosystem models to elevated atmospheric [CO2] (eCO(2)) at two temperate forest ecosystems (Duke and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiments) to test alternative representations of carbon (C)-nitrogen (N) cycle processes. We decomposed the model responses into component processes affecting the response to eCO(2) and confronted

The expected increase in longevity of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) in many countries of the world is a direct result of medical and social advances, which have also extended the longevity of the general population. It is important to assess the need for social services for people with ID across different administrative levels to ensure sufficient resources are allocated to where

Round to elongate microbodies associated with fossil vertebrate soft tissues were interpreted as microbial traces until 2008, when they were re-described as remnant melanosomes - intracellular, pigment-containing eukaryotic organelles. Since then, multiple claims for melanosome preservation and inferences of organismal color, behavior, and physiology have been advanced, based upon the shape and si

Leukocyte accumulation is a rate-limiting step in inflammatory lung injury. The aim of this study was to define the role of CD11a/CD18 and CD11b/CD18 in sepsis-induced leukocyte rolling and adhesion in lung arterioles, capillaries and venules in male C57BL/6 mice using intravital fluorescence microscopy. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) markedly increased leukocyte rolling in arterioles and venul

Purpose: To validate the Swedish version of the Distress Thermometer (DT) against the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for screening of distress and to explore how well DT measures changes of distress during six months in a population of heterogeneous oncology patients. Methods: The DT was translated into Swedish according to the forward- and back-translation procedure. HADS total scor

Names of taxa referred to Hieracium sect. Alpestria (including the ‘Semidovrensia group’), Foliosa and Prenanthoidea and reported from Sweden have been compiled from the literature and herbaria and all uses have been indexed. Based on this synopsis, the nomenclatural validity and legitimacy of the names are analysed. In total, the use of 75, 62 and 27 names is documented for the three sections, re

A study was undertaken to measure the efficiency with which carbon dioxide was stripped from freshwater (0 parts per thousand) and saline water (35 parts per thousand NaCl) passing through an air-lift at 15 degrees C. The air-lift was constructed of 50 mm (OD) PVC pipe submerged 95 cm in a tank, had an adjustable air injection rate, and could be adjusted to three lifting heights: 11,16 and 25 cm.

Inresource-constrained systems, the interference generated by the concurrent execution of multiple controller tasks leads to extra delay and jitter, which degrade control performance and may even jeopardize the stability of the controlled system. This work presents a general methodology that integrates control issues and real-time schedulability analysis to improve the control performance in embed

The photochemical oxidation of oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) has been estimated to be a significant process with global photoproduction transforming petagrams of DOC to inorganic carbon annually. To further quantify the importance of these two photoproducts in coastal DOC cycling, 38 paired apparent quantum yield (AQY) spectra for CO and CO

Heart Rate Variability and Irregularity During AF IntroductionIrregularity measures have been suggested as risk indicators in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF); however, it is not known to what extent they are affected by commonly used rate-control drugs. We aimed at evaluating the effect of metoprolol, carvedilol, diltiazem, and verapamil on the variability and irregularity of the ventricula

The purpose of this article is to argue for a position holding that epigenetic responsibility primarily should be a political and not an individual responsibility. Epigenetic is a rapidly growing research field studying regulations of gene expression that do not change the DNA sequence. Knowledge about these mechanisms is still uncertain in many respects, but main presumptions are that they are tr

Microglia manage immunosurveillance and mediate inflammation, both suggested to be important in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to investigate if microglial markers could differentiate, firstly between AD and controls, and secondly between stable mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and those progressing to AD and vascular dementia (VaD). Furthermore, we investigated if these marker

Objective: To determine the usefulness and prognostic value of a simplified salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) scoring system in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Methods: Patients with pSS (n=105) and controls (n=57) were evaluated using a simplified SGUS scoring system. Parenchymal homogeneity in salivary glands was graded from 0 to 3, grades 0 (normal) and 1 (mild inhomogeneity) being interp

Dronedarone is a strong P-glycoprotein inhibitor with a potential to increase bioavailability of dabigatran. We sought to measure and report plasma concentrations of dabigatran in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) on concomitant dronedarone treatment.

Impact of Bi incorporation into (Ga,Mn)As layers on their electronic-and band-structures as well as their magnetic and structural properties has been studied. Homogenous (Ga,Mn)(Bi,As) layers of high structural perfection have been grown by the low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy technique. Post-growth annealing treatment of the layers results in an improvement of their structural and magnetic

The importance of the home environment increases with age. Perceived aspects of home influence life satisfaction, perceived health, independence in daily activities and well-being among very old people. However, research on health and perceived aspects of home among senior citizens in earlier phases of the aging process is lacking. Therefore, the main aim was to explore whether perceived aspects o

Projections of vegetation distribution that incorporate the transient responses of vegetation to climate change are likely to be more efficacious than those that assume an equilibrium between climate and vegetation. We examine the non-equilibrium dynamics of a temperate forest region under historic and projected future climate change using the dynamic ecosystem model LPJ-GUESS. We parameterized LP

A photofragmentation laser-induced fluorescence (PF-LIF) technique was applied to an HCCI engine for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) measurements. A pump-probe strategy was adopted with the pump laser (266 nm) photolyzing H2O2, and with the probe laser (283 nm) detecting the generated OH photofragments. An on-line calibration process was performed by introducing a known amount of vaporized H2O2/water sol