This paper reviews path-creation processes in road transport systems in the Nordic countries: e-mobility in Denmark, hydrogen and fuel-cell electrical vehicles in Norway, and advanced biofuels in Finland and Sweden. The study builds on the path creation literature, which seeks to explain the emergence of new technological pathways. Drawing on recent insights concerning the differences between desi

BackgroundPeople with intellectual disability have been found to have higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders than the general population. However, they do not seem to have a corresponding increase in psychiatric care utilization. The aim of the present study was to investigate psychiatric care utilization among older people with intellectual disability.MethodsWe used a cohort of people with in

Today, there is good knowledge of the physiological basis of bird colour vision and how mathematical models can be used to predict visual thresholds. However, we still know only little about how colour vision changes between different viewing conditions. This limits the understanding of how colour signalling is configured in habitats where the light of the illumination and the background may shift

This article provides a comprehensive critique of current corporate foreign exchange risk management (FXRM) practices. The authors characterize much of FXRM as a “legacy” activity, a set of outdated, often decentralized and “earnings-driven” methods and procedures that have not been subjected to rigorous cost-benefit analysis at the enterprise level. And according to the authors, the costs of poor

According to the cost-of-capital hypothesis, increased voluntary disclosure should reduce information asymmetries, lower the cost of capital, and increase firm value. The optimal-disclosure hypothesis, however, predicts that costs related to voluntary disclosure lead to the existence of an interior optimum of disclosure that maximizes firm value. These hypotheses are empirically tested using a pre

Aspects of laser spectroscopy applied to the biomedical fields are reviewed with examples illustrating the techniques taken mostly from the author's research experience. Basic principles of quantum-mechanical background are described, and powerful implementations in the biophotonics field are discussed.

In this chapter a temperature probing technique based on the spectroscopy of inorganic luminescent materials is described and exemplified in experiments related to combustion. The basic features of thermographic phosphors which enable remote temperature diagnostics to be performed with a high degree of sensitivity and accuracy, are outlined. This technique is superior to those based on thermocoupl

Möjligheten att arbeta till en högre ålder är en komplex och mångdimensionell fråga som inkluderar många faktorer. Den teoretiska modellen som beskrivs visar på komplexiteten Möjligheten att arbeta påverkas på olika nivåer, och det beror inte enbart på individen utan det är i första hand chefer, organisationer och företag som skapar förutsättningarna för de äldre medarbetarna på arbetsplatsen och

There is reason to believe that factors such as physical exertion and behavioural changes will influence the ascending walking speed and ultimately the possibility of satisfactory evacuation. To study these effects, a 2-year research project was initiated with the focus on effects of physical exertion on walking speeds, physiological performance and behaviours during long ascending evacuations. Tw

BACKGROUND: Malignant pediatric brain tumors constitute a heterogeneic group of central nervous system tumors, and general markers of diagnosis and prognosis are not available. Recently, a panel of CD markers (CD15, CD24, CD29) was used to define increasing neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Although these CD markers have been associated with worse prognosis due to presence of tumor p

OBJECTIVE: To describe the lived experience of being a homebirth midwife in the Nordic countries.METHODS: Interviews conducted with 21 homebirth midwives from the five Nordic countries were analyzed with a phenomenological approach.RESULTS: The essential structure of being a homebirth midwife in the Nordic countries can be understood as realizing altruistic values and fulfilling one's own desires

OBJECTIVE: The midwife assisting a birth has a considerable influence on the woman's experience of the birth. The aim of this study was to investigate the experience of the midwife's professional skills among women in Norway, Denmark, Iceland, and Sweden who chose a planned home birth.DESIGN AND SETTING: All known home birth midwives were asked to inform the mothers about the project and invite th

Proteins are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in the body and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs. In very simple terms, a protein can be defined as a linear chain of subunits called amino acid residues. The individual amino acid residues are sequentially bonded together by peptide bonds. There are 20 standard amino acids This work is primarily about the development, validation and application of computer simulation models for intrinsically disordered proteins, both in solution and in the presence of uniformly charged, ideal surfaces. The models in question are either coarse-grained or atomistic in nature, and their applications are dependent on the specific purpose of each study. Both, Metropolis Monte Carlo and m

The association between tumor cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression and breast cancer prognosis has been inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of COX-2 tumor expression according to adjuvant treatment, and potential effect modifications of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, and other tumor and lifestyle factors. A prospective cohort of 1,116