Folkrätten saknar, som allmänt känt, den typen av starka mekanismer för att se till att lagen efterlevs som existerar i den inhemska rätten. Många rättsvetare och andra forskare har försökt förklara hur det är möjligt för folkrätten att ändå påverka staters beteende. Jag undersöker en sådan teori och försöker formulera hypoteser för hur stater kan förväntas agera vid och efter regimskiften avseendInternational law is well known to lack enforcement mechanisms similar in effectiveness to those that exist on the domestic level. Many scholars have tried to explain how international law can still constrain state behavior. I look at one such theory, and attempt to formulate hypotheses for how states should be expected to behave around and after regime changes with respect to their human rights o

Digitalisering är utan tvekan 2000-talets viktigaste bidragande orsak till utvecklingen av den globala ekonomin. Skatteplanering och skatteflykt bland multinationella bolag urholkar nationers skattebas som finansierar det offentliga välfärdssystemet såsom sjukvård, utbildningsinstitutioner och infrastruktur. Digitala affärsmodeller genererar intäkter annorlunda än traditionella affärsmodeller ocDuring the 21th century, digitalization is considered the most important development of the modern global economy. Tax avoidance is a growing issue for governments globally, that are loosing lots of tax money to finance public welfare systems supporting healthcare, educational institutions and infrastructures. Value creation in digital business models generates profits different than traditional b

Ideellt skadestånd har i svensk rätt traditionellt sett krävt ett uttryckligt lagstöd för att utgå. Denna tradition frångicks första gången genom NJA 2005 s. 462. Rättsfallet gällde en av staten begången överträdelse av en rättighet i EKMR. Artikel 13 i EKMR kräver av konventionsstaterna att de tillhandahåller ett effektivt rättsmedel vid kränkningar av konventionen. I händelse av att ideellt skadThe tradition in Swedish tort law has been that non-pecuniary damages need explicit legal support to be admitted. A deviation from this tradition was first made by the Supreme Court in the case NJA 2005 s. 462. The ruling imposed the state liability for non-pecuniary damages for its violation of a human right laid down in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (

Human trafficking, also known as modern day slavery, is a grave violation of the human rights. Approximately 40,5 million people are every year being trafficked around the world. But trafficking is not only a violation of the human rights – it is also a criminal and security concern. Trafficking can, among other things, urge conflict by enabeling extremist and armed groups to increase their capabi

Many models have been developed throughout the years to describe the evolution of short term rates. One of the famous models is the Vasicek model. It was first introduced in 1977 and describes interest rates as a mean reversion process which is a specific characteristic that sets it apart from other financial assets. This model has the ability to let interest rates to be negative which was perceiv

Integration of immigrants has become a crucial policy-question in Sweden and Western Europe due to the large numbers of immigrants having settled during the last three decades. Previous research has focused on integration policy outcome by studying the design of different policies and programs. This study addresses the question of how the Somali refugees, which are being better integrated in other

This thesis is a discourse analysis of Greta Thunberg’s rhetoric on climate change. Its aim is to describe how securitization of climate change are reflected. It is important to understand how security and threats are formulated in society today. The theoretical framework builds on a social constructivist approach and the Copenhagen School of securitization. The analysed material consist of speech

What is justice? There is a lot of different views regarding this very question and to make claims what ought to be just, one needs to justify it. This thesis sets out to investigate the bearing of evolutionary theory to justify ought claims within normative method and by doing this try to get closer to a true objective theory of justice. More precisely the thesis investigates if it is possible to

Academic research affirms the positive health effect of outdoor recreation. It reduces blood pressure, obesity and stress. In 2012 the Swedish government formulated the Objectives for Outdoor Recreation Policy which aim was to strengthen the accessibility to outdoor recreation opportunities for the people of Sweden. This paper aims to examine the accessibility to outdoor recreation opportunities

This thesis revolves around rain, more specifically the relationship between urban development and rain. In this part of the world rain is often considered something negative and something that we want to avoid. Architecture has been implemented in order to create structures which protect us from the water falling from the sky. Rain is something we complain about to our friends and colleagues, i

The Norwegian TV-series named SKAM became extremely popular all around the world in 2017. The same year the last season premiered. The main character in this season is named Sana. The theme in the last season is Sana’s Muslim religiosity and how her Muslim identity is problematized in relation to the Norwegian society. The purpose of this essay is to explore the way SKAM portraits and problematize

Observing the growing importance of new political conflicts in today’s post-materialist party competition, this thesis seeks to develop a model with which it can analyse the bidimensional convergence between populist radical right niche parties and social democratic mainstream parties. The study applies quantitative content analysis on party manifestos of the Swedish Social Democratic Party and th

Den rådande makromiljön har gjort fastighetssektorn glödhet, och det tycks ha varit svårt att helt misslyckas i branschen under de senaste åren – åtminstone om man ej varit en högbelånad bostadsutvecklare. Samtidigt har tillväxten inte varit likafördelad, och några bolag har lyckats växa från ingenting till miljarder i fastighetsvärden bara på några år. Så vad är det som utgör en attraktiv tillväx

The purpose of this research is to investigate existing perceptions upon the sanctions relief amongst middle class Iranian youths between the ages of 25 to 30, living in Karaj and Tehran. The thesis also examines how the economic sanctions have affected their private economies in the post-sanctions era to fill the research gap within the development research field. Semi-structured interviews were

The movement of the coast line, due to erosion in one direction or aggregation in theother is a natural process as waves, wind as well as the geological nature of the coast itselfare affecting it. Sand dunes are the main protection coasts have at their disposal againstfloods during storm surges or from more passive but long range rainfalls. As many of the coastal areas have a dense population and

This thesis contains a review of published ring amplifier topologies. It is suggested to split the input stage of the ring amplifier into two. In this way, a robust ring amplifier can be designed without stacking the transistors in the second stage of the ring amplifier, boosting its speed properties. The split input stage can also be used to design a fully differential bias enhanced ring amplifie

Our globalized world has caused many cultures to merge which has led to a society in which a lot of individuals are part of more than one culture. The aim of this study is to examine what difficulties that come with having multiple cultural belongings. The study is based on individual narratives, uploaded on different podcast platforms, that have different cultural backgrounds but are a part of th

The aim of this study was to investigate patients' experiences of involuntary hospitalization and clients' involuntary treatment of alcohol and drug addiction. Three persons were interviewed by qualitative semi-structured interviews and two internet blogs were analyzed by text analysis. The theory of Goffman's total institution was used for analyzing, as well as the concepts of paterna

La Petite Ceinture is a mysterious abandoned rail line at the heart of Paris. Once a major connector between the different train stations of the French capital, it now quietly rests hidden, as one of Paris’ long forgotten green corridors. In 2006, a joint collaboration between the elected representatives and the train company tried to come up with a plan to open it up for the public to enjoy. Th

Honor: a delicate subject without terminology - School counselors’ constructions of honor related violence About 10-15 % of the pupils in Swedish schools are estimated to be living under honor related norms in collectivistic environments. The aim of this study was to explore school counselors’ reasoning when working with students who are limited or otherwise affected due to honor related norms. T