Language experience, particularly from our native language (L1), shapes our perception of other languages around us. The present study examined how L1 experience moulds the initial processing of foreign (L2) tone during acquisition. In particular, we investigated whether learners were able to rapidly forge new neural memory traces for novel tonal words, which was tracked by recording learners’ ERP

Protected area networks help species respond to climate warming. However, the contribution of a site's environmental and conservation-relevant characteristics to these responses is not well understood. We investigated how composition of nonbreeding waterbird communities (97 species) in the European Union Natura 2000 (N2K) network (3018 sites) changed in response to increases in temperature over 25

Circulatory failure is considered one of the entities of the post cardiac arrest syndrome contributing to poor outcome. It is reported at 15-70% of all patients successfully resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The pathophysiologic mechanism is attributed to limitation of cell metabolism due to inadequate supply of oxygen, caused by pump or conduction failure within the cardiov

Background: Absence seizures (petit mal seizures) are characterized by a brief loss of consciousness without loss of postural tone. The disease is diagnosed by an electroencephalogram (EEG) showing spike–wave discharges (SWD) caused by hypersynchronous thalamocortical (TC) oscillations. There has been an explosion of research highlighting the role of astrocytes in supporting and modulating neurona

BACKGROUND: Cardiac rehabilitation is central in reducing mortality and morbidity after myocardial infarction. However, the fulfillment of guideline-recommended cardiac rehabilitation targets is unsatisfactory. eHealth offers new possibilities to improve clinical care.OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the effect of a web-based application designed to support adherence to lifestyle advice and se

The spinal cord is engaged in all forms of motor performance but its functions are far from understood. Because network connectivity defines function, we explored the connectivity of muscular, tendon, and tactile sensory inputs among a wide population of spinal interneurons in the lower cervical segments. Using low noise intracellular whole cell recordings in the decerebrated, non-anesthetized cat

The Sda histo-blood group antigen (GalNAcβ1-4(NeuAcα2-3)Galβ-R) is implicated in various infections and constitutes a potential biomarker for colon cancer. Sd(a−) individuals (2–4% of Europeans) may produce anti-Sda, which can lead to incompatible blood transfusions, especially if donors with the high-expressing Sd(a++)/Cad phenotype are involved. We previously reported the association of B4GALNT2

BACKGROUND: First-in-human studies to test the efficacy and safety of human embryonic stem cells (hESC)-derived dopaminergic cells in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) are imminent. Pre-clinical studies using hESC-derived dopamine neuron transplants in rat models have indicated that the benefits parallel those shown with fetal tissue but have thus far failed to consider how ongoing L-DOPA

While many projects have demonstrated the potential of single Nature-based Solutions (NbS) to contribute to urban climate change adaptation, the challenge now lies in moving from demonstration projects to a full-scale deployment. The aim of this research is to assess the potential for a full-scale implementation of NbS in Malmö (Sweden), and the expected benefits and co-benefits. We developed six

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) consist of a low coverage of isolated metal atoms dispersed on a metal substrate, called single-atom alloys (SAAs), or alternatively single metal atoms coordinated to oxygen atoms on an oxide support. We present the synthesis of a new type of Co1Cu SAC centers on a Cu2O(111) support by means of a site-selective atomic layer deposition technique. Isolated metallic Co at

The great development of the food industry in the last few years and the increase of the global food trade have highlighted the importance of developing reliable safety assessment and the establishment of strict directives in order to assure its correct performance and the security of consumers. In this sense, the application of nanotechnology has played an important role to carry out very sensiti

An implementation of a self-tuning regulator is described. The regulator algorithm consists of two steps. Firstly the parameters of a model of the process are estimated in real time using the method of least squares. Secondly a minimum variance regulator based on the estimated parameters is computed at each sampling interval. Implementation of the algorithm on a process computer is discussed. Ques

The motivation for this work has been to simplify the design of regulators for industrial processes. The regulators designed can be regarded as self-tuning regulators. They will serve as a substitute for the time-consuming process of plant experiments, parameter estimation and control design. The regulators can also be used as adaptive regulators for processes with slowly varying parameters. The p

While the twentieth century was dominated by private car usage, shifts towards more sustainable urban mobility, to mitigate environmental damage and increase health benefits, are now taking place. In Scandinavia, several car-free street experiments take form, that span from permanent car-free inner-city plans (i.e. Oslo) to temporary interventions (i.e. pop-up plaza and parklets) to shift the use

Diversification of cropping and farming systems is a central agroecological principle, which may improve resource use efficiency, reduce pests and diseases, diversify income sources, and enhance the resilience of the production. The main objective of this study was to identify challenges related to the sustainability of organic cropping systems that were diversified according to one or several of

Objectives: This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (methodology). The objectives are as follows:. To systematically review the current literature describing the development, content, and measurement properties of clinical rating scales for the assessment of pain in newborn infants.

Most adaptive controllers do not assume any a priori knowledge about the process to be cont rolled. In most situations there is, however, some knowledge about the process. This knowledge should be used to improve the performance compared to the “black box” approach of earlier adaptive controllersThe a priori knowledge is in this paper used in the estimation of the process and also in the design of

We study particle trapping driven by the axial primary radiation force (A-PRF) in shaped traps exposed to standing bulk acoustic waves (S-BAW) using numerical simulations and experiments. The utilization of the stronger A-PRF as the main retention force is a consequence of standing-wave formation along the flow direction, instead of the orthogonal direction as in the case of traditionally used lat

The pule placement design principle pruvides a good way of determining a closed loop system with desired properties. The method has been used in adaptive contexts for many years. A drawback of the method is, however, that the polynomial formulation mav lead to robustness problems because of the sensitivity with respect to the coefficients of the polynomials. Further, unless all process zeros are c

Preterm birth is associated with increased risk of complications, specifically with regards to the gastrointestinal tract. These complications mainly include the maldigestion and malabsorption of nutrients resulting from the immaturity of the small intestine. The current study investigated whether pre-digestion of fat in infant formula would affect the developmental remodeling of the structure of