An analysis of inter-annual and withinwinter survival among rural and urban great tits (Parus major)
Birds endure ecological constraints during winter in temperate regions where critical resources vary significantly between urban and rural sites, influencing survival rate. Warmer temperatures and artificial food sources have led to an increase in urban avian winter abundance whereas birds in colder, rural ecosystems are more reliant on scarce natural food sources but subject to less human disturb
