We examine whether exposure to gender inequality at export destinations affects the gender wage gap in exporting firms. We motivate the analysis through a stylized model where wages depend on worker productivity, and men have a comparative advantage when trading with gender-unequal countries due to customer discrimination. Empirically, we use high-quality matched employer-employee data from Sweden

Det finns runt 100 000 blinda och kraftigt synnedsatta individer (BKSI:er) i Sverige. Sådan synnedsättning leder till en kraftigt minskad förmåga för självständig förflyttning och lägre livskvalité, med ökad risk för arbetslöshet, trafikolyckor, en stillasittande livsstil och depression. Hälften av alla käpp- och hundanvändare är med om en huvudkollision årligen, och drygt var tredje för en fallolReduced independent mobility of blind and low-vision individuals (BLVIs) cause considerable societal cost, burden on relatives, and reduced quality of life for the individuals, including increased anxiety, depression symptoms, need of assistance, risk of falls, and mortality. Despite the numerous electronic travel aids proposed since at least the 1940’s, along with ever-advancing technology, the m

Studies have indicated that transportation noise is associated with higher cardiovascular mortality, whereas evidence of noise as a risk factor for respiratory and cancer mortality is scarce and inconclusive. Also, knowledge on effects of low-level noise on mortality is very limited. We aimed to investigate associations between road and railway noise and natural-cause and cause-specific mortality

BACKGROUND: Transportation noise increases the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD), but few studies have investigated subtypes of IHD, such as myocardial infarction (MI), angina pectoris, or heart failure. We aimed to study whether exposure to road, railway and aircraft noise increased risk for ischemic heart disease (IHD), IHD subtypes, and heart failure in the entire adult Danish population, in

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies have linked transportation noise to increased morbidity and mortality, particularly for cardiovascular outcomes. However, studies investigating metabolic outcomes such as diabetes are limited and have focused only on noise exposures estimated for the loudest residential façade.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the influence of long-term residential exposure to trans

OBJECTIVES: To examine the role of prenatal and postnatal second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure on asthma, rhinitis, and eczema development up to 16 years of age.METHODS: A birth cohort of 4089 children was followed for 16 years. Information on parental smoking habits, lifestyle factors, and symptoms of allergic disease was gathered using repeated parental questionnaires. Generalized estimating

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have linked transportation noise and cardiovascular diseases, however, atrial fibrillation (AF) has received limited attention. We aimed to investigate the association between transportation noise and AF risk.METHODS: Over the period 1990-2017 we estimated road and railway noise (Lden) at the most and least exposed façades for all residential addresses across De

PURPOSE: The Swedish Tattoo and Body Modifications Cohort (TABOO) cohort was established to provide an infrastructure for epidemiological studies researching the role of tattoos and other body modifications as risk factors for adverse health outcomes. It is the first population-based cohort with detailed exposure assessment of decorative, cosmetic, and medical tattoos, piercing, scarification, hen

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between long term residential exposure to road traffic and railway noise and risk of incident dementia.DESIGN: Nationwide prospective register based cohort study.SETTING: Denmark.PARTICIPANTS: 1 938 994 adults aged ≥60 years living in Denmark between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2017.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incident cases of all cause dementia and dementi

BACKGROUND: Studies on transportation noise and incident stroke are few and inconclusive. We aimed to investigate associations between road-traffic and railway noise and the risk of incident stroke in the entire Danish population.METHODS: We estimated road-traffic and railway noise (Lden) at the most and least exposed façades for all residential addresses across Denmark (2.8 million) for the perio

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have suggested that transportation noise may increase risk for breast cancer, but existing literature is scarce and inconclusive. We aimed to investigate associations between road traffic and railway noise and risk for breast cancer across the entire Danish female population.METHODS: For all 2.8 million residential addresses across Denmark, we modelled road and railway

BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated whether road traffic noise is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and have yielded inconsistent findings. We aimed to investigate whether maternal exposure to residential transportation noise, before and during pregnancy, was associated with GDM in a nationwide cohort.METHODS: From the Danish population (2004-2017) we identified 629,254 pr

Transportation noise is a growing public health concern worldwide and epidemiological evidence has linked road traffic noise with mortality. However, incongruent effect estimates have been reported between incidence and mortality studies. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether long-term exposure to residential road traffic noise at the most and least exposed façades was associat

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological research on effects of transportation noise on incident hypertension is inconsistent.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate whether residential road traffic noise increases the risk for hypertension.METHODS: In a population-based cohort of 57,053 individuals 50-64 years of age at enrollment, we identified 21,241 individuals who fulfilled our case definition of filling ≥2 p

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Traffic noise has been associated with poor sleep quality and short sleep duration. This study investigates the association between nighttime road traffic noise at the least and most exposed façades of the residence and redemption of sleep medication.METHODS: In a cohort of 44,438 Danes, aged 50-64 at baseline (1993-1997), we identified all addresses from 1987 to 2015 from a nati

Recent studies show associations between transportation noise and various diseases. However, selection bias remains an inherent limitation in many cohort studies. In this study, we aimed to model road traffic noise exposure across the entire Danish population and investigate its distribution in relation to area-level socioeconomic indicators and green space. Based on the Nordic prediction method,

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of natural resource extraction projects on HIV transmission risks in local communities in sub-Saharan Africa.Design: Difference-in-differences design using repeated cross-sectional data from around newly opened mines.Methods: We combined data on mine openings with HIV data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Using logistic regre

RATIONALE: Little is known about how perinatal and childhood factors influence lung function change between childhood and adolescence.OBJECTIVES: To investigate possible early life predictors of change in FEV1 between age 8 and 16 years. In addition, to investigate possible predictors of having persistently low lung function (FEV1

Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with impaired lung function among young children, but less is known about long-term effects and the impact of adolescents' own smoking. We investigated the influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy, secondhand smoke exposure and adolescent smoking on lung function at age 16 years.The BAMSE (Barn/Child, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiology) b