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Previous investigations have identified the roles of knee joint muscles in supporting external loads during non-weight-bearing tasks and found these to depend on moment arm orientation (MAO). However, during weight-bearing tasks ground reaction forces (GRF) are transferred up through the knee, subjecting it to large multi-directional forces and stability is dependent on articular geometry, loading
Objective: Externally applied abduction and rotational loads are major contributors to the knee joint injury mechanism; yet, how muscles work together to stabilize the knee against these loads remains unclear. Our study sought to evaluate lower limb functional muscle synergies in healthy young adults such that muscle activation can be directly related to internal knee joint moments. Methods: Conca
When recording human movement with stereophotogrammetry, skin deformation and displacement (soft tissue artefact; STA) inhibits surface markers' ability to validly represent the movement of the underlying bone. To resolve this issue, the components of marker motions which contribute to STA must be understood. The purpose of this study is to describe and quantify which components of this marker mot
This study provides a forward-muscular inverse-skeletal dynamics framework for musculoskeletal simulations. The simulation framework works based on solving the muscle redundancy problem forward in time parallel to a torque tracking between the musculotendon net torques and joint moments from inverse dynamics. The proposed framework can be used by any musculoskeletal modeling software package; howe
The ideal timing to implement anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention programs with respect to maturation is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an injury prevention program on knee mechanics in early-, late-, and post-pubertal females. In the study, 178 adolescent female basketball players were assigned to six groups: early-pubertal training, early-pubertal c
Females aged between 13 and 17 years old possess the highest non-contact ACL injury incidence of any sex-age strata. Considering that energy absorption strategies have been associated with a reduced risk for sustaining an ACL injury, evaluating landing performance in youth athletes requires investigations beyond the kinematic level. The purpose of this study was to identify sex-specific energy abs
Anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACLi) reduces mechanical knee joint stability. Differences in muscle activation patterns are commonly identified between ACLi individuals and uninjured controls (CON); however, how and which of these differences are adaptations to protect the knee or adversely increase risk of joint instability remain unclear. Since the neuromuscular system integrates activity of
The role of muscle activation in both pathological and spastic populations is of interest for understanding central nervous system function. Muscle activation patterns may provide insight into pathological changes compared to healthy controls. To gain a better understanding of surgical interventions, gait muscle activation patterns are studied before and after surgery. Previous studies using surfa
Since the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, migrants’ mobility has been increasingly securitised as governments have been adopting extraordinary measures to close both external and internal borders. Similarly, the presence of migrants within countries has often been met with lower levels of acceptance, leading to the implementation of discriminatory and xenophobic measures. Although debates on the
This article is a brief inquiry into the meaning and function of the concept of globalization within the social sciences during the last decade. Describing the ontological presuppositions and historical trajectory of the concept of globalization, this article distinguishes three distinct senses of the idea - transference, transformation and transcendence - and argues that these senses have emerged
We study how inheriting parents' credit histories affects the initial credit scores, access to credit, and life cycle borrowing of young individuals entering the credit market. We establish that inherited histories significantly positively affect initial scores, which in turn are very persistent. Inherited histories only affect outcomes through initial credit scores, which then have significant pe
This article analyzes learning in the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) by way of drawing on recent theoret- ical advancements on the concept of communities of practice (CoP) in international relations (IR). The article presents an analytical framework that distinguishes between reproductive and transformative learning in relation to levels of contestation in CoPs. To illustrate the f
Enzymatic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling processes are gaining interest for their low environmental impact, use of mild conditions, and specificity. Furthermore, PET hydrolase enzymes are continuously being discovered and engineered. In this work, we studied a PET hydrolase (PET2), initially characterized as an alkaline thermostable lipase. PET2 was produced in a fusion form with a 6-h
BACKGROUND: A novel semiconductor cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) gamma camera system using a block sequential regularized expectation maximization (BSREM) reconstruction algorithm is now clinically available. Here we investigate how a multi-purpose ring-configurated CZT system can be safely applied in clinics and describe the initial optimization process.METHOD: Seventy-six patients (bone-, cardiac-
On 20 March 2012, the Polish Council of Ministers adopted Poland’s first Multiannual Development Cooperation Programme. Its title ‘Solidarity, Democracy, Development’ reflects the ongoing debates which surround Polish aid, and the problem with finding an agreement in defining how the Polish Official Development Assistance (ODA) should look. As I will describe in this chapter, since the process of
