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Background and Aim: Full-thickness biopsies of the intestinal wall may be used to study and assess damage to the neurons of the enteric nervous system (ENS), that is, enteric neuropathy. The ENS is difficult to examine due to its localization deep in the intestinal wall and its organization with several connections in diverging directions. Histological sections used in clinical practice only visua

Low-temperature combustion (LTC) concepts, such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and partially premixed combustion (PPC), aim to reduce in-cylinder temperatures in internal combustion engines, thereby lowering emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot. These LTC concepts are particularly attractive for decarbonizing conventional diesel engines using renewable fuels such as metha

Part of "Zaubernacht" (20.09.2024 – 21.09.2024) with Sinfonisches Orchester Wil and Hugo Bollschweiler, conductor

Elevated levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in plasma reflect neuroinflammation and are linked to cognitive decline. Preclinical studies show that dietary change can attenuate astrocyte reactivity and neuroinflammation. In the current study, we investigate if the Okinawa-based Nordic (O-BN) diet alters plasma GFAP levels in patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), a metabolic disorder as

Objective: The objective of this study was to study the recovery from, and incidence of, work-restricting musculoskeletal pain after bariatric surgery compared with usual obesity care. Methods: Pain in different body regions was monitored using questionnaires in the nonrandomized, prospective, controlled Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study, which included 2007 participants treated with bariatric su

Spermatozoon volume regulation is an essential determinant of male fertility competence in mammals and oviparous fishes. In mammals, aquaporin water channels (AQP3, -7 and -8) have been suggested to play a role in spermatozoon cell volume regulatory responses in the hypotonic female oviduct. In contrast, the ejaculated spermatozoa of marine teleosts, such as the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata),

Aims: The study aims were to determine autoantibodies associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), celiac disease (CD) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in individuals living with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to T1D and matched controls. Methods: Individuals with T1D and T2D were randomly identified in health-care registers. Blood was collected through home-capillary sampling and autoantibodies as

In plants, development of all above-ground tissues relies on the shoot apical meristem (SAM) which balances cell proliferation and differentiation to allow life-long growth. To maximize fitness and survival, meristem activity is adjusted to the prevailing conditions through a poorly understood integration of developmental signals with environmental and nutritional information. Here, we show that s

"Global change"significantly alters organic matter and element cycling, but many of the underlying processes and consequences remain poorly understood. The interface of plants and soil plays a central role, coupling the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and lithosphere and integrating biological and geochemical processes. The contributions to this special issue address questions on both biotic an

Introduction Despite the improvements in diabetes management by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) it is difficult to capture the complexity of CGM data in one metric. We aimed to develop a clinically relevant multidimensional scoring model with the capacity to identify the most alarming CGM episodes and/or patients from a large cohort. Research design and methods Retrospective CGM data from 2017

This article summarizes the state of the science on the role of the gut microbiota (GM) in diabetes from a recent international expert forum organized by Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia, which was held at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes 2023 Annual Meeting in Hamburg, Germany. Forum participants included clinicians and basic scientists who are leading investigators in

Therapies against cell-surface targets (CSTs) represent an emerging treatment class in solid malignancies. However, high-throughput investigations of CST expression across cancer types have been reliant on data sets of mostly primary tumors, despite therapeutic use most commonly in metastatic disease. We identified a total of 818 clinical trials of CST therapies with 78 CSTs. We assembled a data s

Perseverance traversed the eastern, northern, and western margins of the Séítah formation inlier on the rover’s western fan front approach. Mapping the stratigraphy and extent of the Máaz and Séítah formations is key to understanding the depositional history and timing of crater floor resurfacing events. Perseverance's rapid progress across the Jezero crater floor between the Octavia E. Butler lan

BACKGROUND: Physical function constitutes a key component of outcome assessment for almost all osteoarthritis interventions. The aim was to compare physical function measured using a self-assessed performance-based test versus self-reported function using questionnaires among individuals with knee or hip osteoarthritis (OA) participating in a digital exercise and education therapy.METHODS: We anal

Herein, we contextualize, problematize, and offer some insights for moving beyond the problem of monolingual comparative normativity in (psycho) linguistic research on bilingualism. We argue that, in the vast majority of cases, juxtaposing (functional) monolinguals to bilinguals fails to offer what the comparison is supposedly intended to do: meet the standards of empirical control in line with th

We investigate the situation of heritage speakers in Italian language classes in a federal state in Germany, taking three perspectives: (i) the micro-perspective of heritage speakers, mostly fluent in Italian but often bidialectal, (ii) the meso-perspective of the teachers who must interact adequately with them, (iii) the macro-perspective of the education policies that determine the curriculum. T

Models on L3/Ln acquisition differ with respect to how they envisage degree (holisticvs. selective transfer of the L1, L2 or both) and/or timing (initial stages vs. development) of howthe influence of source languages unfolds. This study uses EEG/ERPs to examine these models,bringing together two types of bilinguals: heritage speakers (HSs) (Italian-German, n = 15) comparedto adult L2 learners (L1

We investigate the acquisition of grammatical gender marking in German by monolingual children as well as German-Russian bilingual children who grow up in Germany as heritage speakers of Russian. We ask to what extent monolingual and bilingual children use phonological and/or structural cues to assign nominal gender, and to what extent they rely on lexical knowledge. To this end, we designed three