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The ever increasing demand for faster and more energy-efficient electricalcomputation and communication presents severe challenges for the semiconductor industry and particularly for the metal-oxidesemiconductorfield-effect transistor (MOSFET), which is the workhorse of modern electronics. III-V materials exhibit higher carrier mobilities than the most commonly used MOSFET material Si so that the
Rice straw is regarded as one of the main cereal straws that are produced every year in substantial amounts. Typically, rice straw is burned by farmers as they could not find a more promising technique to dispose it. This burning produces particulates and carbon monoxide causing many adverse effects on the environment and the public health, and finding a way to efficiently utilise this biowaste re
Co-feeding of renewable feedstocks in general, and lignin streams in particular, in petroleum refineries is an attractive means of increasing the proportion of renewable fuel. Four separate units in an integrated refinery can be envisioned using lignin as a feedstock: the hydrotreater, the fluidised catalytic cracker, the hydrocracker and the slurry hydrotreater. A conceptual process design study,
State reforms adopted in the 1680s prevented the largest copperworks in the Oldenburg Monarchy, Røros, from shutdown. They appear to be a forerunner in Europe. The changes ensured supply deliveries and regular wage payments through spread of ownership, delegating more responsibilities to the Director and managers and introducing complex control mechanisms and state monitoring of the accounts and d
The cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions is well documented. However, most studies are based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and provide little information on the differences between subgroups. This study assessed the relative cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions offered to various subgroups of smokers, based on real-life data. Regression analyses provided
Thanks to simple and straightforward calculation methods it is rather easy to estimate gas temperatures in small- or medium sized enclosures; however, the problem becomes more complex if fire safety analyses are to be performed in large spaces where the hot gas layer cannot be regarded as uniform. Using a multi-zone modelling concept could be a good alternative for such situations. However, few suThanks to simple and straightforward calculation methods it is rather easy to estimate gas temperatures in small- or medium sized enclosures; however, the problem becomes more complex if fire safety analyses are to be performed in large spaces where the hot gas layer cannot be regarded as uniform. Using a multi-zone modelling concept could be a good alternative for such situations. However, few su
Hushållen står för cirka 26 % av den årliga energianvändningen i EU. Som följd av EU:s direktiv om energiprestanda i byggnader har det genomförts internationella initiativ i Europa för att hjälpa länder att definiera och inkludera riktlinjer i sina egna byggregler, till exempel för att etablera konceptet nollenergibyggnader. Detta koncept inkluderar passiv-teknik for energibesparande byggande, eneHouseholds are responsible for approximately 26 % of the annual energy use in the EU. Following the EU-directives regarding energy performance in buildings, international initiatives have been taken in Europe to help countries to define and include guidelines in their own building codes, for example, to establish the concept of zero energy buildings, ZEBs. This concept includes passive building en
Food security is one of the world’s greatest challenges. The current food system shows an entanglement across the globe which means that local farmers reliant on subsistence agriculture no longer operate in isolation of larger-scale processes within the global economy or the changing biophysical system of the planet. The persistently high number of undernourished people, volatile food prices, incr
A short opinion piece on the social and political ramifications of our increased dependency on online products such as Netflix, YouTube and Facebook during the corona crisis.
Genom planmonopolet har kommunerna ensamrätt om att kunna skapa byggklara tomter. Men empirin visar att kommunerna underproducerar dessa byggrätter. Det skapar en rad problem på bostadsmarknaden. Ingemar Bengtsson, lektor i fastighetsvetenskap vid Lunds universitet redogör för konsekvenserna.
We detail here the convergence properties of a new model-independent imaging method, the Lévy expansion, that seems to play an important role in the analysis of the differential cross section of elastic hadron-hadron scattering. We demonstrate, how our earlier results concerning the Odderon effects in the differential cross-section of elastic proton-proton and proton-antiproton scattering as well
Olyckor vid vägarbetszoner är ett ihållande trafiksäkerhetsproblem i många europeiska länder. IRIS-projektet (Incursion Reduction to Increase Safety in road work zones) finansierat av CEDR samlade in information om bästa praxis inom trafikledning vid vägarbetsplatser. En analys av olyckor i arbetszonen och en översyn av bästa praxis gjordes. Psykologiska problem för att förbättra säkerheten i arbeAccidents nearby work zones are a persistent road safety problem in many European countries. The Conferenceof European Directors of Roads (CEDR) has initiated and finances the IRIS project (Incursion Reduction toIncrease Safety in road work zones) with the aim to collect and share information about best practices in temporarytraffic management at road works. An analysis of work zone accidents and
All societies have to face the problem no one can financially support her- or himself during all periods of life. Low earnings capacity may be caused by, for example, sickness, disability, unemployment, child rearing, widowhood and old age. Thus, all societies have to organize support for those without earnings capacity. Three broad ways can be distinguished: the family, the market and the state.
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) can come in different forms, presenting problems for diagnostic classification. Here, we examined personality traits in a large sample of patients (N = 265) diagnosed with SAD in comparison to healthy controls (N = 164) by use of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). In addition, we identified subtypes of SAD base
