METHODS: The retrograde spread of two budesonide enema formulations with different viscosities was investigated. The study design was open, randomized and two-period crossover. Three female and two male patients (age range: 35-45 years) with distal ulcerative colitis or proctitis participated. Both enema formulations contained a dose of 2 mg budesonide/100 mL. An unabsorbable radioactive marker (9METHODS: The retrograde spread of two budesonide enema formulations with different viscosities was investigated. The study design was open, randomized and two-period crossover. Three female and two male patients (age range: 35-45 years) with distal ulcerative colitis or proctitis participated. Both enema formulations contained a dose of 2 mg budesonide/100 mL. An unabsorbable radioactive marker (9

Pharmacokinetic data obtained after one dose of a 2-mg budesonide enema were compared with data obtained after the last dose of four weeks of daily treatment in 24 patients with active distal ulcerative colitis or proctitis. This open multicentre study involved 28 eligible patients. Sigmoidoscopy and biopsy scores improved significantly (P < 0.002) during the four-week treatment period. Maximal plPharmacokinetic data obtained after one dose of a 2-mg budesonide enema were compared with data obtained after the last dose of four weeks of daily treatment in 24 patients with active distal ulcerative colitis or proctitis. This open multicentre study involved 28 eligible patients. Sigmoidoscopy and biopsy scores improved significantly (P < 0.002) during the four-week treatment period. Maximal pl

Sixty-four patients with active distal ulcerative colitis participated in a multicentre, randomized, investigator-blind trial to compare the effect of budesonide enema, 2 mg/100 ml, with prednisolone disodium phosphate enema, 31.25 mg/100 ml. Budesonide is a new potent corticosteroid with a rapid first-pass elimination. The patients were treated for 4 weeks, and the efficacy of the drugs were evalSixty-four patients with active distal ulcerative colitis participated in a multicentre, randomized, investigator-blind trial to compare the effect of budesonide enema, 2 mg/100 ml, with prednisolone disodium phosphate enema, 31.25 mg/100 ml. Budesonide is a new potent corticosteroid with a rapid first-pass elimination. The patients were treated for 4 weeks, and the efficacy of the drugs were eval

Microscopy can depict small biological entities that are invisible to the naked eye – cells, neurons, chromosomes, molecules, etc. Microbiology thereby grants us visual access to dimensions of our bodily interior that are otherwise imperceptible to us. Often, in micrographs, this infinitesimal inner realm is made to resemble the way cosmic space is represented in astronomical pictures – an ‘aesthe

A large part of the circulating apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is produced by the intestine. Yet the plasma levels of apoA-I are retained or even increased in rats with thoracic duct drainage (Johansson, B. and Nilsson, A, (1981) FEBS Lett. 130, 305-308 and Franzén, J. et al. (1987) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 918, 11-15). In this study we examined the effects of biliary drainage and of combined biliary a

Chyle and chylomicrons, obtained after feeding thoracic duct cannulated rats [3H]arachidonic (20:4) and [14C]linoleic acid (18:2) in cream, were injected i.v. into recipient animals. 7.5-15 min after injection, the 14C/3H ratio of the triacylglycerols remaining in plasma was about half of that in the injected chylomicrons, indicating that the chylomicron remnants formed retained relatively more [3

[3H]Arachidonic (20:4) and [14C]linoleic acid (18:2) were fed to thoracic duct-cannulated rats in test meals of either tracers alone, cream, Intralipid, pure arachidonic acid, or pure linoleic acid. Less [3H]20:4 than [14C]18:2 was recovered in chyle during the first 5 h. After cream feeding, the proportion of radioactivity found in phospholipids was high and increased during the first 3 h. After [3H]Arachidonic (20:4) and [14C]linoleic acid (18:2) were fed to thoracic duct-cannulated rats in test meals of either tracers alone, cream, Intralipid, pure arachidonic acid, or pure linoleic acid. Less [3H]20:4 than [14C]18:2 was recovered in chyle during the first 5 h. After cream feeding, the proportion of radioactivity found in phospholipids was high and increased during the first 3 h. After

Chylomicrons labeled with [3H]arachidonic and [14C]linoleic acid were incubated with bovine milk lipoprotein lipase or rat postheparin plasma, containing both lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase. During incubation with bovine lipoprotein lipase, [3H]arachidonic acid was released from chylomicron triacylglycerols at a slower rate than [14C]linoleic acid. Only small amounts of [14C]linoleic acid w

We have previously shown that bile duct ligation inhibits the hepatic uptake of chylomicron remnants in rats. In the present study we have investigated different possible causes of this inhibition. Intravenous infusion of bile or sodium taurocholate reduced the hepatic chylomicron remnant uptake. Perfused livers from bile duct-ligated rats metabolized chylomicron remnants at a reduced rate. Rat heWe have previously shown that bile duct ligation inhibits the hepatic uptake of chylomicron remnants in rats. In the present study we have investigated different possible causes of this inhibition. Intravenous infusion of bile or sodium taurocholate reduced the hepatic chylomicron remnant uptake. Perfused livers from bile duct-ligated rats metabolized chylomicron remnants at a reduced rate. Rat he

Portacaval-shunted and sham-operated male rats, fed ad libitum and of similar weight, were studied 2-3 weeks after surgery. At this time serum cholesterol levels did not differ significantly between the two groups, whereas serum triacylglycerols and phospholipids were lower in the shunted group. These animals also showed an increased serum bile acid level and an increased serum estradiol to testos

This paper approach participation in visual promotional strategies as a novel form of public performance. The paper examines the social rules and conventions of photography practices on visual social media platforms in a qualitative study of how 30 participants in so-called Instagram takeovers make sense of and perform photography as an embodied visual practice situated in time and space.A dramatu

Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) carry independent prognostic information in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) on different lines of therapy. Moreover, CTC clusters are suggested to add prognostic information to CTC enumeration alone but their significance is unknown in patients with newly diagnosed MBC. We aimed to evaluate whether longitudinal enumeration of circulating tumo

10 min after intravenous injection of 32P-labelled chylomicrons 69% of the [32P]phosphatidylethanolamine, but only 34% of the [32P]phosphatidylcholine, was cleared from plasma. Over this time period the plasma phosphatidylethanolamine concentration that was increased after the chylomicron injection returned to normal, indicating that the rapid clearance of [32P]phosphatidylethanolamine was primari

Rat liver homogenate hydrolyzed chylomicron remnant retinyl esters with pH optima 4.5, 6 and 8. The retinyl ester hydrolysis at pH 4.5 was correlated to the acid phosphatase activity in different subcellular fractions, and thus the highest activity was found in highly purified lysosomes. These fractions could also catalyze the reverse reaction, i.e., the esterification of retinol when incubated wi

[3H]retinal- or [3h]cholesterol- and [14C]fatty acid-labeled chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants were injected intravenously into normal rats and rats subjected to partial or total obstruction of the bile duct 8 or 48 h earlier. The clearance from plasma of the [3H]retinyl and the [3H]cholesteryl esters in 30-120 min was markedly decreased in rats with total obstruction, and the uptake of 3H by

Undervisning handlar i grunden om människor som möts. I de flesta undervisningssituationer etableras och knyts sociala band mellan lärare och elever och de inblandade aktörerna samverkar för att hitta en gemensam definition av undervisningssituationen. Men det finns också situationer där mötet tillintetgörs genom att den ena sidan (läraren eller eleven/eleverna) agerar asocialt responslöst, till f

Views of children and childhood are often closely related to discourses on how children should be treated. This relation between images of the child and discourses on treatment is more or less obvious in for example law, parenthood and education. In this paper I will present the figures of thoughts of children in the Swedish curriculums for the compulsory school, between the years of 1969 and 2011

Att undervisa barn med autismspektrumdiagnos kan vara en särskild utmaning. En av USA:s experter på området är Brenda Smith Myles, som presenteras i denna artikel. Hon är ass. professor vid institutionen för specialpedagogik vid universitetet i Kansas.