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The major objectives of this paper are: (1) to review the pros and cons of the scenarios of past anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) developed during the last ten years, (2) to discuss issues related to pollen-based reconstruction of the past land-cover and introduce a new method, REVEALS (Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites), to infer long-term records of past land-cove

This review outlines a number of key issues when performing laboratory testing of homeostasis. The effect pre-analytical variables have on the reliability and consistency of screening tests is often forgotten due to a lack of understanding and awareness. This can be improved through educating healthcare professionals who are involved in taking blood for assessment. Recent advances in coagulation t

Global environmental change is real and everywhere, and so is inequality. Such a warmer, stormier, and divided world will create highly differentiated socioecological impacts and responses to climate change with stronger effects on people, places, and livelihoods that contributed the least. This necessitates mitigation, adaptation, and a solid understanding of their interactions with persistent pr

To evaluate treatment outcome in a large population-based cohort of patients with anal cancer treated according to Nordic guidelines.

Core-shell segregation of copper and silver in self-assembled, free nanoparticles is established by means of photoelectron spectroscopy in a wide range of relative Cu-Ag concentrations. These conclusions are based on the analysis of the photon-energy-dependent changes of the Cu 3d and Ag 4d photoelectron spectra. The nanoparticles are formed from mixed Cu-Ag atomic vapor created by magnetron sputt

A two-step, un-coupled process producing hydrogen (H2) from wheat straw using Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus in a ‘Continuously stirred tank reactor’ (CSTR) followed by anaerobic digestion of its effluent to produce methane (CH4) was investigated. C. saccharolyticus was able to convert wheat straw hydrolysate to hydrogen at maximum production rate of approximately 5.2 L H2/L/Day. The organic

To estimate the shifts in age at menarche from 1985 to 2010, compare the differences of average age at menarche between urban and rural groups, and determine the association of menarche with body mass index (BMI).

Performance of quantum dot sensitized solar cells relies on a rapid electron injection from quantum dot to metal oxide. We studied the injection process in CdSe-ZnO system by ultrafast time-resolved absorption spectroscopy for two types of acceptor morphologies-nanowires and nanoparticles' films. Based on comparison between experimental data and Marcus theory, we demonstrate that the acceptor morp

Background Experimental animal studies and previous randomized trials suggest an improvement in mortality and neurologic function with induced hypothermia after cardiac arrest. International guidelines advocate the use of a target temperature management of 32 degrees C to 34 degrees C for 12 to 24 hours after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. A systematic review indicates that the

AimsExercise increases risk of ventricular arrhythmia in subjects with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). We aimed to investigate the impact of exercise on myocardial function in ARVC subjects. Methods and ResultsWe included 110 subjects (age 4217years), 65 ARVC patients and 45 mutation-positive family members. Athletes were defined as subjects with 4h vigorous exercise/week [

Management by objectives is intrinsic to the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) and Swedish environmental policy. We describe three approaches to formulating objectives via model-assisted dialogue with local stakeholders concerning eutrophication in a coastal drainage area in south-eastern Sweden: a WFD eco-centred approach based on 'natural state'; Swedish environmental policy reformulated into q

Introduction: One aim of modern pharmacologic treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is to prevent joint destruction and reduce the need for surgery. Our purpose was to investigate secular trends in the incidence of primary total hip and knee arthroplasties in a well defined sample of patients with RA. Methods: Prevalent cases with RA in 1997 and incident cases from 1997 to 2007 in a community bas

This study investigated the impact of well geometry and surface reflectance on the vertical daylight factors of walls in atria with square plan forms under a CIE standard overcast sky. Artificial sky scale model measurements were used to validate predicted values of vertical daylight factors using the software package Radiance. More simulated vertical daylight factors data for a much wider range o

Hypoxia, or low oxygen tension, is a major regulator of tumor development and aggressiveness. However, how cancer cells adapt to hypoxia and communicate with their surrounding microenvironment during tumor development remain important questions. Here, we show that secreted vesicles with exosome characteristics mediate hypoxia-dependent intercellular signaling of the highly malignant brain tumor gl

This paper focuses on the ability of the labor market to efficiently match heterogeneous workers to jobs within a given industry and the role that globalization plays in that process. Using matched worker-firm data from Sweden, we find strong evidence that openness improves the matching between workers and firms in industries with greater comparative advantage. This suggests that there may be sign

Implant-assisted targeting of magnetic particles under the influence of an external magnetic field has previously been verified through mathematical modeling, in vitro studies, and in vivo studies on rat carotid arteries as a feasible method for localized drug delivery. The present study focuses on the development of nanoparticles for the treatment of in-stent thrombosis. Magnetic nanoparticles in

Putative cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) genes are frequently discovered in various fungi by genome sequencing projects. The expression of CDH, an extracellular flavocytochrome, is well studied in white rot basidiomycetes and is attributed to extracellular lignocellulose degradation. CDH has also been reported for plant-pathogenic or saprotrophic ascomycetes, but the molecular and catalytic propert

Rubber accelerators are common contact allergens in healthcare personnel, owing to exposures from medical gloves.

We follow template-binding induced aggregation of nanoparticles enantioselectively imprinted against (S)-propranolol, and the non-imprinted ones, using photon correlation spectroscopy (dynamic light scattering). The method requires no separation steps. We have characterized binding of (R,S)-propranolol to the imprinted polymers and determined the degree of non-specificity by comparing the specific

Platelet activation and aggregation has been reported to occur in response to a number of Gram-positive pathogens. Here we show that platelet aggregates induced by Streptococcus pyogenes were unstable and viable bacteria escaped from the aggregates over time. This was not due to a differential activation in response to the bacteria as compared with physiological activators. All the bacteria isolat