This paper investigates the multiple windows of the mean squared error optimal time-frequency kernel for estimation of the Wigner-Ville spectrum. The kernel is optimal for a certain locally stationary process where the covariance function is determined by two one-dimensional Gaussian functions. The multiple windows are obtained as the eigenvectors of the rotated time-lag estimation kernel. The spe

Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas contributing to about half of the total anthropogenic change in the Earth's radiation budget. And about half of the anthropogenic CO2 emissions stay in the atmosphere, the remainder is taken up by the biosphere. It is of paramount importance to better understand CO2 sources and sinks and their spatio-temporal distribution. In

Conditional knockout mice are commonly used to study the function of specific genes in hematopoiesis. Different promoters that drive Cre expression have been utilized, with the interferon-inducible Mx1-Cre still being the most commonly used “deleter strain” in experimental hematology. However, different pitfalls associated with this system could lead to misinterpretation in functional studies. We

Mervärdesskatt är en indirekt skatt som ger stora intäkter till staten. Företag lägger också mycket tid och resurser på att hantera den. Reglerna om mervärdesskatt består huvudsakligen av genomförande av de EU-rättsliga direktiv som finns inom området. Just det stora inflytandet av EU-rätten gör mervärdesskatten speciell och komplex.Mervärdesskatt i teori och tillämpning ger en introduktion i ämne

On 26 May 2016 the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) decided Bookit Ltd v HMRC (Bookit)1 which dealt with the interpretation of the exemption for transactions concerning payments within article 135(1)(d) of the Council Directive on the common system of value added tax (the VAT Directive).2 Article 135(1)(d) of the VAT Directive provides that Member States shall exempt "transactions, including nego

Partially premixed combustion (PPC) is used to meet the increasing demands of emission legislation and to improve fuel efficiency. With gasoline fuels, PPC has the advantage of a longer premixed duration of the fuel/air mixture, which prevents soot formation. In addition, the overall combustion stability can be increased with a longer ignition delay, providing proper fuel injection strategies. In

The borehole thermal resistance – that is, the thermal resistance between the fluid in the U-tube and the borehole wall – is both a key performance characteristic of a closed-loop borehole ground heat exchanger and an important design parameter. Lower borehole thermal resistance leads to better system performance and/or lower total borehole length and possibly lower installation costs. Borehole th

The last decade has witnessed a revolution in genetic technology, where genome-wide analyses, covering the majority of genetic variation, were thought to explain disease-causing mechanisms in common metabolic disorders. However, these genetic data only explain a modest proportion of the estimated heritability of type 2 diabetes and obesity and hence suggest a potential role for epigenetic variatio

Yuknessia Walcott, 1919 recently was transferred from the green algae to the Phylum Hemichordata on the basis of new details observed for the type species, Y. simplex, from the Burgess Shale Formation (Cambrian Stage 5) of British Columbia. This has prompted reexamination of material attributed to Yuknessia from various Cambrian localities in South China. Findings preclude both a Yuknessia and a h

Exceptionally preserved specimens of the Cambrian stem-group brachiopod Mickwitzia occidens Walcott, 1908 are described in detail from the Indian Springs Lagerstatte in Nevada, USA. Shell structure and preserved mantle setae from these specimens reveal a variable diagenetic (taphonomic) history and provide insight into the phylogenetic position of mickwitziids. Morphologic and morphometric compari

Policies and strategies to fight global environmental degradation, gender inequality, and poverty are often inadequate, ineffective, or insufficient. In response, this article seeks potential synergies and leverage points between three significant interrelated discourses that are often treated separately—development, gender, and environment. Proceeding from a brief history of development thinking

Glioma cells with stem cell traits are thought to be responsible for tumor maintenance and therapeutic failure. Such cells can be enriched based on their inherent drug efflux capability mediated by the ABC transporter ABCG2 using the side population assay, and their characteristics include increased self-renewal, high stem cell marker expression and high tumorigenic capacity in vivo. Here, we show

Metformin lowers diabetic blood glucose primarily by reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis and increasing peripheral glucose uptake. However, possible effects by metformin on beta-cell function are incompletely understood. We speculated that metformin might positively influence insulin secretion through impacting the beta-cell nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-NO system, a negative modulator of glucose-stimu

Objectives: The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)/World Health Organization (WHO) 90-90-90 goals propose that 90% of all people living with HIV should know their HIV status, 90% of those diagnosed should receive antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 90% of those should have durable viral suppression. We have estimated the continuum of HIV care for the entire HIV-1-infected population

Metabolic crisis is a clinical condition primarily affecting patients with inherent mitochondrial dysfunction in situations of augmented energy demand. To model this, ten pigs received an infusion of rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, or vehicle. Clinical parameters, blood gases, continuous indirect calorimetry, in vivo muscle oxygen tension, ex vivo mitochondrial respiration and metab

Identification and relative quantification of hundreds to thousands of proteins within complex biological samples have become realistic with the emergence of stable isotope labeling in combination with high throughput mass spectrometry. However, all current chemical approaches target a single amino acid functionality (most often lysine or cysteine) despite the fact that addressing two or more amin

The general objective of this thesis was to increase the knowledge of how mental health and school performance are associated and how interventions may be designed and implemented to enhance the two.The data used in the four quantitative studies on which this thesis is based were derived from two age cohorts of students attending 14 elementary schools in two cities in the southern part of Sweden.