Objectives To study the effect of insulin treatment in combination with metformin or an insulin secretagogue, repaglinide, on glycaemic regulation in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Design Randomised, double blind, double dummy, parallel trial. Setting Secondary care in Denmark between 2003 and 2006. Participants Non-obese patients (BMI

Short-term properties of atrial fibrillation (AF) frequency, f-wave morphology, and irregularity parameters have been thoroughly studied, but not long-term properties. In the present work, f-wave morphology is characterized by principal component analysis, introducing a novel temporal parameter defined by the cumulative normalized variance of the three largest principal components . Based on 7-day

The present paper shows the importance of the resolution of large unsteady flow structures in numerical simulations of cavitating flows. Three-dimensional simulations of the flow through a throttle geometry representative for fuel injectors have been performed to characterise the inception and development of cavitation, adopting the implicit Large Eddy Simulation approach. The two-phase flow has b

The gas-phase decompositions of a thiazole-substituted dioxetanone, in both the natural and anionic forms, were investigated theoretically in a CASSCF/CASPT2 study. The neutral conjugated thiazole (with or without a hydroxyl group) substitution on the dioxetanone has no evident effect on the dissociation; however, a subsequent deprotonation - invoking charge-transfer excitations from the thiazole

It is generally acknowledged that wetlands and barrier islands can reduce surge and waves. However, while a general qualitative understanding of these interactions is available in the scientific literature, quantification of these interactions is lacking and has previously been based on limited data of relatively poor quality. The overall aim of this study was to improve the understanding of the i

The presence of different time scales in a dynamic model significantly hampers the efficiency of its simulation. In multibody systems the fact is particularly relevant, as the mentioned time scales may be very different, due for example to the coexistence of mechanical components controlled by electronic drive units, and may also appear in conjunction with significant nonlinearities. This paper pr

Deficiencies of complement proteins of the classical pathway are strongly associated with the development of autoimmune diseases. Deficiency of Clr has been observed to occur concomitantly with deficiency in Cls and 9 out of 15 reported cases presented systemic lupus erythernatosus (SLE). Here, we describe a family in which all four children are deficient in Cls but only two of them developed SLE.

This paper studies optimization issues related to a proposed traffic protection strategy referred to as flow-thinning strategy (FTS). FTS is an extension of the well known protection concept, called path diversity, to the case of partial multiple link failures. Path diversity assumes that when a certain subset of links fail, then their capacity is entirely lost and the nominal path-flows that are

Background: Impaired stability is a risk factor in knee osteoarthritis (OA), where the whole joint and not only the joint cartilage is affected. The meniscus provides joint stability and is involved in the early pathological progress of OA. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) has been used to identify pre-radiographic changes in the cartilage in OA, but has been used less common

The mechanisms underlying antimicrobial and anti-endotoxic effects were investigated for a series of structurally related peptides derived from the C-terminal region of S1 peptidases. For this purpose, results on bacterial killing were compared to those on peptide-induced liposome leakage, and to ellipsometry and dual polarization interferometry results on peptide binding to, and disordering of, s

Popular Abstract in Swedish Hjärtat pumpar blod genom ett nätverk av blodkärl, vilket för ut syre och näringsämnen till organen och för tillbaka restprodukter som bryts ned eller utsöndras från kroppen. När hjärtat pumpar byggs det upp ett tryck som driver blodet genom kärlsystemet, från artärter till vener via ett förgrenat nät av kapillärer, som svarar för utbytet med vävnadsvätskorna. BlodflödeSmooth muscle cells residing in the blood vessel media are constantly exposed to mechanical forces exerted by the intraluminal pressure. The smooth muscle senses and adapts to mechanical forces by activation of multiple signaling pathways and cytoskeletal rearrangements. Stretch of the vascular wall is therefore an important factor that controls smooth muscle cell phenotype and function. The goal

Despite increased awareness of the urgency to respond to climate change and to promote sustainable development, there are few powerful initiatives that are decisively shifting urban development in a sustainable, resilient and low-carbon direction. This Special Volume of the Journal of Cleaner Production explores sustainable urban transformation focusing on structural transformation processes – mul

Adipose tissue does not only store and release energy in response to hormones, it is also known as an endocrine organ, secreting important factors and hormones that influence for example appetite and insulin sensitivity. The association of type 2 diabetes with obesity has been known for quite some time. Understanding the cellular mechanisms of adipocyte function is of great importance in understan

German lichen flora projects are surveyed from Georg Hoffmann’s Deutschlands Flora oder Botanisches Taschenbuch. Zweyter Theil für das Jahr 1795. Cryptogamie to the recently published Die Flechten Deutschlands 2013, via Wilhelm Körber’s Systema Lichenum Germaniae 1855, and the supplementary volume Parerga lichenologica 1859, Gustav Lindau’s Die Flechten, Kryptogamenflora für Anfänger 1913 & 19

This article scrutinizes the role of structural change and foreign trade in the Nordic countries, except Iceland, in industrialization prior to 1914. Sector contribution to GDP as well as the role of the foreign trade is compared across the countries. The comparison uncovers different paths to industrialization that cannot be explained by reference to received views, such as the shock of free trad