The plural -ar in smörgåsar for smörgås ‘sandwich’ is regular – even though gås ‘goose’, here used as a simplex, takes an irregular plural, gäss ‘geese’. Why is the form smörgäss not used? Similarly, for trefot, lit. three foot, ‘tripod’, neither trefotar nor the irregular trefötter seems right. To use an irregular plural in such compounds tends to evoke a core reading (“kärnbetydelse”) of the rig

BACKGROUND: Studies of cancer risk among relatives of children with cancer beyond parents and siblings are limited. We have investigated the cancer risk up to the third degree of relation in families with pediatric cancer to reveal patterns of inheritance.METHODS: A single-center cohort of 757 pediatric cancer patients was linked to the Swedish National Population Register, resulting in 16 137 rel

Selenoenzymes, containing a selenocysteine (Sec) residue, fulfill important roles in biology. The mammalian thioredoxin reductase selenoenzymes are key regulators of antioxidant defense and redox signaling and are inhibited by methylmercury species and by the gold-containing drug auranofin. It has been proposed that such inhibition is mediated by metal binding to Sec in the enzyme. However, direct

BACKGROUND: Smartphones have made it possible for patients to digitally report symptoms before physical primary care visits. Using machine learning (ML), these data offer an opportunity to support decisions about the appropriate level of care (triage).OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the interrater reliability between human physicians and an automated ML-based triage method.METH

HLA-DQA1 and -DQB1 genes have significant and potentially causal associations with autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). To follow on the earlier analysis on high-risk HLA-DQ2.5 and DQ8.1, the current analysis uncovers seven residues (αa1, α157, α196, β9, β30, β57, β70) that are resistant to T1D among subjects with DQ4, 5, 6 and 7 resistant DQ haplotypes. These seven residues form 13 common motifs; si

This editorial introduces the thematic issue on ‘civil society elites,’ a topic that has been neglected in elite research as well as civil society studies. It elaborates on the concept of ‘civil society elites’ and explains why this is an important emerging research field. By highlighting different methodological approaches and key findings in the contributions to the thematic issue, this article

Study ObjectivesAssess the physiologic and self-reported effects of wind turbine noise (WTN) on sleep. MethodsLaboratory sleep study (n = 50 participants: n = 24 living close to wind turbines and n = 26 as a reference group) using polysomnography, electrocardiography, salivary cortisol, and questionnaire endpoints. Three consecutive nights (23:00–07:00): one habituation followed by a randomized qu

Better understanding of the local deformation of the bone network around metallic implants subjected to loading is of importance to assess the mechanical resistance of the bone-implant interface and limit implant failure. In this study, four titanium screws were osseointegrated into rat tibiae for 4 weeks and screw pullout was conducted in situ under x-ray microtomography, recording macroscopic me

In 1735, professor Kilian Stobaeus donated his collections to Lund University laying the foundation for the university’s first museum. The ”Museum Stobaeanum” contained over 3000 natural history, historical and ethnographic objects typical of the cabinets of curiosity. This richly illustrated book is the first comprehensive history of these collections.Eighteen chapters, written by an interdiscipl

Bariatric surgery is an efficient method to induce weight loss and also, frequently, remission of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Unpaired studies have shown bariatric surgery and dietary interventions to differentially affect multiple hormonal and metabolic parameters, suggesting that bariatric surgery causes T2D remission at least partially via unique mechanisms. In the current study, plasma metabolite p

Insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes has been shown to be associated with decreased de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis in adipose tissue. It is known that insulin can acutely stimulate FA synthesis in adipocytes; however, the mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear. The rate-limiting step in FA synthesis is catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), known to be regulated through

BACKGROUND: Primary graft dysfunction and allograft rejection represent major caveats to successful lung transplantation. Reducing inflammation in donor lungs before transplantation may improve outcomes. Evidence exists that ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) can alter the donor lung environment, although the mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to characterize the inflammatory signaling profile

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly caused a global pandemic associated with a novel respiratory infection: coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) is necessary to facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection, but—owing to its essential metabolic roles—it may be difficult to target it in therapies. Transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2),

AbstractThe primary purpose of understanding disease etiology is to explain how a specific phenotype is determined by genotype. In pursue of this aim, exploring the diversity in DNA sequence variants that affect biomedical traits, especially those related to the onset and progression of genetically determined human disease. The human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are highly polymorphic cell surface pro

Asymmetrical flow FFF (AsFlFFF) is a member of field-flow fractionation (FFF) and can provide the separation of particles with size from nano to microscale based on their hydrodynamic diameters with smaller particles being eluted earlier than larger ones. For spheres, if the AsFlFFF conditions are well optimized, the FFF theory allows prediction of the elution time for a given diameter. Herein, we

Objectives: This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows:. To assess the benefits and harms of TNFi in patients with JIA.