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Cost-of-illness studies have shown diabetes to be associated with substantial direct and indirect costs, accounting for 5-6 percent of total health care expenditure. In a Swedish study, where total costs were divided into costs due to management of diabetes and costs due to complications, the total annual cost to the community was estimated to be SEK 5.7 billion in 1994, costs due to complications

Abstract is not available

Twenty-eight haemodialysis patients were randomized to L-carnitine, 2 g i.v. three times a week, and saline over a 6-week period. No obvious deficiency of carnitine was found in vastus lateralis with a median value of 12.9 mmol/kg dry weight; range 6.2-21.4. Female patients had lower total plasma carnitine compared to female controls, p less than 0.002, whereas no decrease was found in males. No r

The quality of test is highly related to the number of faults that can be detected during the testing (fault coverage) and the defect probability of each testable unit. High test quality is reached by applying an excessive number of good test vectors, however, such a high test data volume can be problematic to fit in the ATE's (automatic test equipment) limited memory. We therefore propose, for co

In 1996, national guidelines for the care and treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus were drawn up by specialists, in collaboration with representatives of the patient organisation, diabetes nurses, the professional associations of various medical specialties and central authorities. The national programme is divides into three parts: summarised information for decision-makers, clinical guid

Popular Abstract in Swedish I hjärnan finns många olika typer av nervceller. De använder sig av olika signalsubstanser, kallade neurotransmittorer, för att kommunicera med andra nervceller. En viss typ av nervceller använder neurotransmittorn dopamin. Dopaminceller finns på många ställen i hjärnan men de flesta ligger i mellanhjärnan i ett par olika cellgrupper som var och en skickar signaler tillParkinsons disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder where dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra (SNc) in the mesencephalon are progressively eliminated. The ensuing loss of dopaminergic innervation of the basal ganglia manifests itself as severe motor deficits in PD patients. Clinical trials have shown that cell replacement therapy, where dopaminergic neuroblasts derived from fetal vent

Preface: This report has been produced in order to celebrate the 60th anniversary of professor Lars Erik Nevander on the 11th of November, 1981. A number of topics are presented within the field of building physics. They relate to heat transfer in buildings, air infiltration, moisture darnages etc, varying from energy conservation aspects to failures of the building and its design for moisture pro

An ABO genotype screening method discriminating the common alleles A1, A2, B, O1 and O2 at the ABO locus was made possible by the discovery of a novel nucleotide substitution (G1096A) present only in B and O2 alleles. A rapid and reliable single-tube approach using multiplex PCR with four primers amplifying exons 6 and 7 of the ABO genes followed by simultaneous addition of two restriction enzymes

A quadrature voltage controlled oscillator (QVCO) topology exhibiting low power consumption and high phase noise performance at low supply voltages is presented. The QVCO buffer includes varactors to maximize the output voltage and minimize the current consumption. Microstrip theory and the principle of conservation of energy have been used to evaluate the distributed capacitances of symmetrical i

Objective: Men with advanced prostate cancer are at high risk for bone metastases that result in significant skeletal morbidity. This review discusses the pathophysiology of bone metastases in prostate cancer. Methods: Relevant information was identified through searches of published studies, abstracts from scientific meetings, and review articles. Results: Bone metastases are common in patients w

Background: The Btk (Bruton's tyrosine kinase) gene has been shown to be mutated in the human immunodeficiency disease, XLA (X-linked agammaglobulinemia). Btk is a member of the Tec family of cytosolic protein tyrosine kinases with distinct functional domains PH, TH, SH3, SH2, and kinase. Mutations have been observed in each of the Btk subdomains in XLA. We have analyzed the Btk gene in six XLA pa

Background and Purpose-To enable self-reporting of functional outcome in quality registers, the corresponding questions have to be easy to interpret. In scientific research, the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) is a standard assessment method. Such methods, with an outsider observer, are not feasible to use in quality registers. For several aspects, eg, comparisons between outcome in clinical studies a

Positional cloning of susceptibility genes in complex diseases like rheumatoid arthritis in humans is hampered by aspects like genetic heterogeneity and environmental variations, while genetic studies in animal models contain several advantages. With animal models, the environment can be controlled, the genetic complexity of the disease is minimized and the disease onset can be predicted, which si