The costimulatory receptor 4-1BB is expressed on activated immune cells, including activated T cells. Antibodies targeting 4-1BB enhance the proliferation and survival of antigen-stimulated T cells in vitro and promote CD8 T cell-dependent anti-tumor immunity in pre-clinical cancer models. We found that T regulatory (Treg) cells infiltrating human or murine tumors expressed high amounts of 4-1BB.

Background: Loss of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) affects visual acuity during head movements. Previous studies have shown that compensatory eye-saccades improve visual acuity and that the timing of the saccade is important. Most of the tests involved in testing VOR are made with passive head movement, that do not necessarily reflect the activities of daily living and thus not being proportion

Microalgae are common members of the atmospheric microbial assemblages. Diverse airborne microorganisms are known to produce ice nucleation active (INA) compounds, which catalyze cloud and rain formation, and thus alter cloud properties and their own deposition patterns. While the role of INA bacteria and fungi in atmospheric processes receives considerable attention, the numerical abundance and t

Background-Patients with atherosclerosis have a high risk of cardiovascular events and death. Atherosclerosis is characterized by accumulation of lipids, cells and extracellular matrix proteins in the intima. We hypothesized that dysregulated remodeling of the basement membrane proteins may be associated with clinical outcomes in patients with atherosclerosis. Methods and Results-Neoepitope fragme

We present the development of a gas nozzle providing high-density gas at elevated temperatures inside a vacuum environment. Fused silica is used as the nozzle material to allow the placement of the nozzle tip in close proximity to an intense, high-power laser beam, while minimizing the risk of sputtering nozzle tip material into the vacuum chamber. Elevating the gas temperature increases the gas-j

Interventions that promote pro-environmental behaviours are increasingly necessary in reducing use of high-emissions goods and services to meet international climate change targets. Here we assess the greenhouse gas emissions reductions associated with behavioural interventions in three high-emitting domains (personal vehicle use, meat consumption, and household energy use) based on an analysis of

Rotational singularities inherent to three different geometric controllers on SE (3) are studied. A new singularity-free method of incrementally generating a reference rotation is proposed, removing a class of singularities without affecting proven stability properties of the closed-loop systems. If satisfying a bound on attitude rate and maximum loop rate in the reference generation, the proposed

We consider temperature stabilization of the phase-reference line at the European Spallation Source, a facility for neutron spallation currently under construction. Based on extensive modeling of the heat dynamics, a prototype model-based control system with associated hardware architecture is developed and experimentally evaluated on a small-scale setup. The results indicate that temperature stab

Big Data Applications (BDAs) manage so much data to require a cluster of machines for computation and storage. Their execution often has temporal constraints, such as deadlines to process the data. BDAs are executed within Big Data Frameworks (BDFs), that provide mechanisms to automatically manage the complexity of the computation distribution. For a BDA to fulfill its deadline when executed in a

This chapter explores how an undergraduate elective course employs a community of practice to change students’ perceptions on sustainable entrepreneurship. For this purpose, the authors conducted a case study of an undergraduate elective course in a Swedish business school re-designed to adopt sustainability and sustainable entrepreneurship education. The authors found evidence that, when students

This paper conducts an inductive case study to develop theory on the role of family in the host and home country in the process of immigrant entrepreneurs’ creation of entrepreneurial opportunities. We employ the perspectives of the opportunity creation process and family social capital. We conducted four cases of immigrant entrepreneurs from Lebanon, Syria, Cameroon and Mexico, that launched busi

Hippocampal dysfunction plays a central role in neurodevelopmental disorders, resulting in severe impairment of cognitive abilities, including memory and learning. On this basis, developmental studies represent an important tool both to understanding the cellular and molecular phenomena underlying early hippocampal damage and to study possible therapeutic interventions, that may modify the progres

Entrepreneurial opportunities are frequently noted and addressed in the literature of immigrant entrepreneurship; however, little is known about how these entrepreneurial opportunities come into existence and how immigrant entrepreneurs create such opportunities. The purpose of this thesis is to examine why and how immigrant entrepreneurs create entrepreneurial opportunities through embedding proc

Family contributes to immigrant entrepreneurs’ business development in different ways. Family provides financial resources, accept lower salaries and offer volunteer based work. However, there is a lack of research investigating the role of family in the oppoertunity creation process.Thereby the aim of this paper is to explore how family influences the process of entrepreneurial opportunity create

Aβ is a class of aggregation-prone proteins, which may misfold into stable, β-sheet rich fibrils. Aβ is linked to the development of synaptic pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, a main question in the AD field is how Aβ contributes to AD neuropathology? Up to now there is little evidence for protein structural changes in diseased neuron. Our aim is to study the distribution of β-sheet

BACKGROUND: Maternal smoking during pregnancy has repeatedly been associated with decreased sperm counts in sons. Nevertheless, our team recently detected a lower total sperm count in the sons of smoking fathers as compared to sons of non-smoking fathers. Since paternal and maternal tobacco smoking often coincide, it is difficult to discriminate whether effects are mediated paternally or maternall

Partially premixed combustion (PPC) in internal combustion engine as a low temperature combustion strategy has shown great potential to achieve high thermodynamic efficiency. Methanol due to its unique properties is considered as a preferable PPC engine fuel. The injection timing to achieve methanol PPC conditions should be set very close to TDC, allowing to utilize spray-bowl interaction to furth

In this paper we consider the solvability of pseudodifferential operators in the case when the principal symbol vanishes of order k ≥ 2 at a nonradial involutive manifold Σ2. We shall assume that the operator is of subprincipal type, which means that the kth inhomogeneous blowup at Σ2 of the refined principal symbol is of principal type with Hamilton vector field parallel to the base Σ2, but trans

Partially premixed combustion (PPC) is an advanced combustion strategy that has been proposed to provide higher efficiency and lower emissions than conventional compression ignition, as well as greater controllability than homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI). Stratification of the fuel-air mixture is the key to achieving these benefits. The injection strategy, injector-piston geometry d

Det är hundra år sedan Georg Simmel gick bort. Ett porträtt av den kanske mest infalls- och perspektivrika sociologen – biografiskt, intellektuellt, kulturellt.