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This study sheds light on the causes of failure of economic reform in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). It argues that the success of economic reform largely relies on the choices available for ruling authorities as well as their willingness to share power with the people and with each other. Since the birth of the Iraqi state and the KRI the interaction of uncivic traditions, rent seeking, and

The ability of biological molecules to replicate themselves is the foundation of life, requiring a complex cellular machinery. However, a range of aberrant processes involve the self-replication of pathological protein structures without any additional assistance. One example is the autocatalytic generation of pathological protein aggregates, including amyloid fibrils, involved in neurodegenerativ

Denitrification during the sedimentation process in secondary settlers in waste-water treatment plants has been reported to be still a significant problem. The modelling of such a process with the conservation of mass leads to a nonlinear convection–diffusion–reaction partial differential equation, which needs non-standard numerical methods to obtain reliable simulations. The purpose of this study

Background A crucial issue for the sustainability of societies is how to maintain health and functioning in older people. With increasing age, losses in vision, hearing, balance, mobility and cognitive capacity render older people particularly exposed to environmental barriers. A central building block of human functioning is walking. Walking ifficulties may start to develop in midlife and become

SIR—Older people with mobility limitations often report more barriers in their outdoor environment than people with intact mobility [1]. However, it is uncertain whether older people perceive their environment as problematic because of their mobility limitations or whether the environmental barriers precede incident mobility limitation, as most studies have been limited to cross-sectional analyses

Intervention with Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has provided a high level of evidence in primary prevention of cardiovascular events. Besides enhancing protection from classical risk factors, an improvement has also been described in a number of non-classical ones. Benefits have been reported on biomarkers of oxidation, inflammation, cellular adhesion, adipokine production, and pro-thrombotic state

In an attempt to address some long-standing issues of epistemology, Hilary Kornblith proposes that knowledge is a natural kind the identification of which is the unique responsibility of one particular science: cognitive ethology. As Kornblith sees it, the natural kind thus picked out is knowledge as construed by reliabilism. Yet the claim that cognitive ethology has this special role has not conv

English oak (Quercus robur) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) are amongst the most common tree species growing in Europe, influencing the annual biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) budget in this region. Studies have shown great variability in the emissions from these tree species, originating from both genetic variability and differences in climatic conditions between study sites. In thi

This article identifies factors which contribute to households’ willingness to pay for improving and protecting a multiple-use water scheme in Ethiopia. It does so through descriptive statistics, a probit model and contingent valuation methods complemented with qualitative data. Estimates suggest farmers’ willingness to pay is based on gender, the prevalence of waterborne disease, the time to coll

We have investigated, comparatively, the ontogenetic development of the compound eye in larvae of a mysid (Neomysis) and a euphausiid (Thysanoessa) species and found it to be close to identical in the two species. The larval eye is of apposition type with special adaptations for planktonic life. The elongated dioptric apparatus is devoid of screening pigment and instead has a proximal lens optical

A Golgi study of the neuronal morphology of the first optic neuropil (lamina) in three anostracan species revealed a close similarity in the lamina construction and neuron types. The lamina architecture of decapod and mysid crustacean species, as revealed by the Golgi method, conformed to previous studies and differed from the anostracans. The comparison was made at the level of resolution compris

Antiserum against bovine retinal S-antigen, a soluble protein (MW = 50 kDa) thought to be involved in phototransduction, was used in an immunohistochemical and immunochemical study of vertebrate eyes and pineal systems and invertebrate photoreceptor organs. Positive reactions, not seen with antiserum preabsorbed with highly purified S-antigen, were observed in planarian and starfish ocelli; scallo

The ultrastructure of the compound eye of an ascothoracid larva — the only known occurrence of compound eyes in the Ascothoracida — is described. The ommatidia of apposition type consist of a crystalline cone composed of three cells and up to six retinular cells. Poor fixation of the scarce material allows no safe judgement about the number of retinular cells and the nature of two distal cells sur

Syftet med artikeln är, som syns i titeln, att ge en övergripande genomgång om den kunskap som finns om kristna migranter i Sverige. Området är aktuellt och relevant, men förvånansvärt lite utforskat. Det innehåller emellertid en rad begreppsmässiga svårigheter som först behöver redas ut, för att sedan visa hur det ser ut i Sverige idag utifrån den begränsade kunskap vi har. Avslutningsvis kommer

This paper reviews path-creation processes in road transport systems in the Nordic countries: e-mobility in Denmark, hydrogen and fuel-cell electrical vehicles in Norway, and advanced biofuels in Finland and Sweden. The study builds on the path creation literature, which seeks to explain the emergence of new technological pathways. Drawing on recent insights concerning the differences between desi

BackgroundPeople with intellectual disability have been found to have higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders than the general population. However, they do not seem to have a corresponding increase in psychiatric care utilization. The aim of the present study was to investigate psychiatric care utilization among older people with intellectual disability.MethodsWe used a cohort of people with in

Today, there is good knowledge of the physiological basis of bird colour vision and how mathematical models can be used to predict visual thresholds. However, we still know only little about how colour vision changes between different viewing conditions. This limits the understanding of how colour signalling is configured in habitats where the light of the illumination and the background may shift