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Objective: To investigate the mode of action of methotrexate (MTX) in different types of models for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Models for RA and MS were selected known to have different pathogenesis - that is, fibroblast induced arthritis in SCID mice, collagen induced arthritis (CIA), anticollagen II antibody induced arthritis (CAIA), and experimental autoimmu

Worsening fluid balance results in reduced technique and patient survival in peritoneal dialysis. Under these conditions, the glucose polymer icodextrin is known to enhance ultrafiltration in the long dwell. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was undertaken to compare icodextrin versus 2.27% glucose to establish whether icodextrin improves fluid status. Fifty patients with u

Classical control has serious limitations when faced with solids separation problems in the activated sludge process. Lack of knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the imbalance within the different microbiological communities implies that a general solution to these undesirable situations has not yet been provided. However, operators have to make decisions based on their experience and intui

Background and aims: Oral aminosalicylates are well established in the treatment of active mild/moderate ulcerative colitis (UC) when the disease is extensive (that is, beyond the splenic flexure). The majority of clinical symptoms relate to disease activity in the distal part of the colon and therefore this study was designed to investigate if adding a mesalazine enema to oral mesalazine has addi

The Council Presidency offered Sweden a possibility to contribute not only to a number of important issue areas but also to what we may call the ‘foreign policy’ side of the EU.A general question was, of course, what sort of impact Sweden could make in this field, given its background as a nonaligned and small state — a country generally regarded as hesitant in terms of supranational policy-making

The ellipsoidally symmetric Buda-Lund hydrodynamic model describes naturally the transverse momentum and the pseudorapidity dependence of the elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at roots(NN) = 130 and 200 GeV. The result confirms the indication of quark deconfinement in Au+Au collisions at RHIC, obtained from Buda-Lund hydro model fits to combined spectra and HBT radii of BRAHMS, PHOBOS, PHENIX and

Dystroglycan is a receptor for extracellular matrix proteins that plays a crucial role during embryogenesis in addition to adult tissue stabilization. A precursor product of a single gene is post-translationally cleaved to form two different subunits, alpha and beta. The extracellular alpha-dystroglycan is a membrane-associated, highly glycosylated protein that binds to various extracellular matri

Reasoning with limited computational resources (such as time or memory) is an important problem, in particular in knowledge-intensive embedded systems. Classical logic is usually considered inappropriate for this purpose as no guarantees regarding deadlines can be made. One of the moreinteresting approaches to address this problem is built around the concept of active logics. Although a step in th

Gemini or dimeric surfactants can in principle be viewed as two conventional surfactants connected via a spacer at the level of the polar headgroups. A novel class of sugar-based gemini surfactants with rich and intriguing aggregation behavior in aqueous solution is the focus of this mini-review. The headgroup of the geminis consists of reduced sugars (glucose or mannose) connected to tertiary ami

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kraven på fordonstillverkare att tillverka motorer med låga avgasemissioner kommer att bli betydligt hårdare i framtiden. När det gäller dieselmotorer är det främst utsläppen av partiklar och kväveoxider som utgör de verkliga utmaningarna. Idag finns avgasreningsteknik för att kraftigt reducera dieselmotorns utsläpp, men fortsatt minskning av bildningen av skadliga och Diesel engine developers are facing major challenges when meeting future demands on NOx and particulate emissions. The exhausts after treatment systems are rapidly improving and the technologies available in a few years will be capable of cutting emission levels close to the demanded levels. However, in order to reach the low emissions required in a long-lasting, cost effective way, the potential

According to the principle of least action, the spatially periodic motions of one-dimensional mechanical systems with no external forces are described in the Lagrangian formalism by geodesics on a manifold-configuration space, the group D of smooth orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms of the circle. The periodic inviscid Burgers equation is the geodesic equation on D with the L-2 right-invariant

In 1995 and 1996 a Swedish feed mill had problems due to a persistent contamination of Salmonella enterica spp. enterica serovar Senftenberg that was difficult to eliminate. Forty-eight strains isolated from the feed mill, together with unrelated strains included to evaluate the discriminatory power and reproducibility, were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The source of contam

Abstract in Chinese Abstract is not available