Filetype
This article introduces a new methodology for deriving the dynamics of visual segmentation in relation to the underlying cognitive processes involved. The method combines social semiotics approaches to visual segmentation with eye-tracking studies on authentic image viewing and simultaneous image description. The authors' thesis is that visual segmentation suggested by the social semiotic approach
Biofuels for transport are attracting considerable support from the European Union. However, the complexity of the biofuels industry and the diversity of actors create significant challenges for policy-making and governance. This paper explores the role of governance in the development of the biofuels industry in Europe focusing on Sweden and the UK. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the
The evolution of partial migration in birds is typically assumed to be the result of an optimization process. The fitness rewards for individuals choosing to migrate are balanced against the rewards of remaining in the breeding area all year around. This balancing is often thought to result in an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) such that an optimal fraction of the population becomes migratory
The incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), regulates gastric emptying, glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion and glucagon release, and GLP-1 analogs are therefore approved for treatment of type II diabetes. GLP-1 receptors are expressed in reward-related areas such as the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens, and GLP-1 was recently shown to regulate several alcohol
Poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PSU) ionomers containing disulfonated aryl-SO2-aryl and tetrasulfonated aryl-SO2-aryl-aryl-SO2-aryl segments, respectively, were synthesized and studied to establish their structure–property relationships as proton-exchange membranes. High molecular weight PSUs with different distributions of sulfone bridges in the backbone were prepared by nucleophilic aromatic substi
Although many studies have been made for homogenous constant diffusion, bone is an inhomogeneous material. It has been suggested that bone porosity decreases from the inner boundaries to the outer boundaries of the long bones. The diffusivity of substances in the bone matrix is believed to increase as the bone porosity increases. In this study, an experimental set up is used where bovine bone samp
In this paper a new model describing drug release from a polymer matrix tablet is presented. The utilization of the model is described as a two step process where, initially, polymer parameters are obtained from a previously published pure polymer dissolution model. The results are then combined with drug parameters obtained from literature data in the new model to predict solvent and drug concent
Global land-use change has drastic consequences for biodiversity leading to losses of ecological functioning, ecosystem services and human well-being. While species dependent on undisturbed natural habitat are most affected by conversion to agriculture, even populations of disturbance-tolerant species can be endangered in landscapes dominated by high-input mono-cultural cropping systems. This has
The classical theory of nerve signal conduction, introduced half a century ago by Hodgkin and Huxley, was challenged in 2005 by the so called soliton theory introduced by Heimburg and Jackson. This latter theory is based on a bilayer phase transition forming a mechanical wave, involving a transition from a disordered conformation of the bilayer into the gel-state, and the electric pulse is regarde
Increased efficiency and effectiveness in the product life cycle can be expected to result from extending the product development process to include the simultaneous development of the package. In this paper, three surveys performed in the Swedish mechanical, pharmaceutical and food industries are supplemented to describe the interest of such a concept in industry. This paper reveals that both the
Families where the mother has an intellectual disability need support to counteract possible detrimental life circumstances for the children involved. The aim of this study was to describe social and healthcare professionals' experiences of providing support for families with maternal intellectual disability and specifically focused on if and how they believed the support practices benefited the c
Given that tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically improved the survival of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), we were interested in examining the possible risk of long-term adverse events, such as the emergence of other neoplasms. Therefore, we studied the development of second malignancies in 868 patients diagnosed with CML between 2002 and 2011 using the Swedish CML regi
Unraveling functional and ancestral relationships between proteins as well as structure-prediction procedures require powerful protein-alignment methods. A structure-alignment method is presented where the problem is mapped onto a cost function containing both fuzzy (Potts) assignment variables and atomic coordinates. The cost function is minimized by using an iterative scheme, where at each step
We present a method for the measurement of a temperature differential across a single quantum dot that has transmission resonances that are separated in energy by much more than the thermal energy. We determine numerically that the method is accurate to within a few percent across a wide range of parameters. The proposed method measures the temperature of the electrons that enter the quantum dot a
Because of the high temperature applied in the steam pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials, different types of inhibiting degradation products of saccharides and lignin, such as acetic acid and furfural, are formed. The main objective of the present study was to examine the effect of acetic acid and furfural on the cellulase production of a filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei RUT C30, which
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is the traditional workhorse for reconstructing evolutionary events. The frequent use of mtDNA in such analyses derives from the apparent simplicity of its inheritance: maternal and lacking bi-parental recombination. However, in hybrid zones, the reproductive barriers are often not completely developed, resulting in the breakdown of male mitochondrial elimination mechanis
This study aimed to examine the relationship between craniofacial dysmorphology and anomalies of brain morphology in schizophrenia. Assessments of craniofacial dysmorphology and magnetic resonance imaging of brain were performed independently of each other and blind to each other in 24 males with schizophrenia and 16 male controls. Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid volume was negatively correlated w
