Citizenship regimes in Western Europe are changing. On the one hand, over the past 30 years, citizenship has been liberalized. On the other, in particular over the past ten years, access to citizenship through naturalization has become restricted in most Western European states. This development has been intertwined with public discourses on ‘integration’ of those Europeans who once migrated to th

I sin teori om prekariatet ger Guy Standing sin syn på den rådande arbetsmarknaden där fler och fler människor lever under osäkra arbetsförhållanden. Enligt honom är det konsekvenserna av en politik som har sett rörlighet på marknaden som svaret på ekonomiska problem. Vid problem har politikerna försvagat de kollektiva organisationerna och försämrat anställningstrygghet med mera för arbetstagarna.In his theory of the precariat Guy Standing gives his view on the current labour market where more and more people has precarious working situations. According to him it is the consequence of a policy that has seen movability on the labour market as the answer to economical problems. At troubled times the politicians have weakened the unions and worsened the employment securities for the workers.

Double emulsions have a great potential in food applications, such as low calorie products and to improve sensory properties. For the dairy industry, double emulsions could be used to produce a product with a lower fat content which maintain the same properties as regular whipping cream. The purpose of this project was to obtain a stable Water-in-Oil (W/O) emulsion with butter oil with a small mea

De nationella domstolarna intar en central roll i den Europeiska unionens judiciella system men är inte helt fria att på egen hand bedöma unionsrättsliga frågor. I denna uppsats undersöks hur utrymmet för nationella domstolar till självständiga unionsrättsliga bedömningar begränsas av den skyldighet att begära förhandsavgörande som kan följa av artikel 267 i Fördraget om Europeiska unionens funktiNational courts occupy a central role in the judicial system of the European Union, but they are not completely free to apply Union law independently. This paper examines the extent to which the national courts are limited by an obligation to request a preliminary ruling under Article 267 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, when it comes to assessing questions of EU law indepen

Purpose: To empirically investigate whether income smoothing creates or destroys value after the enactment of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which has tremendously changed the legal environment of income smoothing. We compare our results with pre-SOX research to conclude whether and how legislation change has affected the perception of income smoothing. Further, we make recommendations based on our resea

Syftet med studien är att kartlägga garantiarbeten samt utreda möjliga orsaker till dess uppkomst. Studien ska även visa på vilka lämpliga förbättringsarbeten som kan implementeras för att förebygga uppkomsten av garantiarbeten. Vidare syftar studien dessutom till att belysa garantikostnadernas storlek.

The European Court of Justice has repeatedly held that it is contrary to EU-law to charge withholding tax on cross-border dividend payments when comparable, domestic transactions are not taxed at the corresponding burden. Therefore, the question of withholding taxes compatibility with EU-law has been the topic of extensive legal literature over many years. However it seems that this is a non-stopp

Mänskliga rättigheter och internationell humanitär rätt har traditionellt betraktats som två skilda rättsområden. i dag är mänskliga rättigheter emellertid universellt tillämpliga, även under väpnade konflikter. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning Europadomstolen tillämpat eller tagit hänsyn till internationell humanitär rätt i sina domar. Vad som visas är att EuropadInternational human rights law and international humanitarian law are traditionally two distinct branches of law, one dealing with the protection of individuals, the other with the conduct of parties to an armed conflict. There is today a recognition that international human rights law is applicable in situations of armed conflict, in parallel with international humanitarian law. The aim of this M

The World Energy Outlook (WEO) is an annual analysis from the International Energy Agency (IEA). It compiles global energy statistics and project market trends 15-25 years into the future. The analysis has high impact as it is used widely in business, academics and to inform policymakers. This essay analyse the credibility and reliability of previous WEO with a focus of the editions from 1994, 200

Hälso-och sjukvård på distans via nya medier som internet, mobiltelefoni eller videokonferens är ett växande fenomen och under utveckling inom EU. Enligt kommissionens handlingsplan för e-hälsa står de europeiska hälso- och sjukvårdssystemen inför stora utmaningar. Elektronisk hälsa innebär att man erbjuder vård genom informations- och kommunikationsteknik för att möta behoven inom vård och omsorgHealth care via new media such as the Internet, mobile telephony or video conferencing is a growing phenomenon and under development in the EU. According to the Commission's action plan for e-health the European health systems face major challenges. Electronic health involves offering care through information and communication technologies to meet the needs of healthcare for patients. The stud

Uppsatsen har haft en kvalitativ ansats. Syftet var att studera upplevelsen hos ett antal brandmän som i sin yrkesroll inom räddningstjänsten deltagit i denna omarbetade form av psykologisk debriefing som kallas kamratstöd. Frågeställningen har dels handlat om att undersöka hur informanterna upplevde kamratstöd och dels att svara på frågan om vilka mekanismer som kan anses verksamma i kamratstöd oThe thesis used a qualitative design. Its purpose was to study a Group of firemen´s experiences of taking part of peer support (a form of psychological debriefing) as part of their work within the Emergency Service. The research questions dealt with investigating how the interviewees had experienced peer support, what mechanisms in this method could be considered effective and how these mechanisms

Sedan det europeiska projektets tidiga dagar har de underliggande ekonomiska motiven för integrationen konfronterats med allmänna intressen såsom oro för miljön. Denna spänning har varit påtaglig, i synnerhet förhållandet mellan nationella åtgärder som syftar till att skydda miljön och allmänna bestämmelser som reglerar EU:s inre marknad. Med tiden har miljöskydd och hållbar utveckling blivit inteSince the early days of the European project the economic rationale of integration has been confronted by public interests such as concerns for the environment. This tension has been tangible particularly in the relationship between national measures aimed at protecting the environment and the general rules governing the internal market. Over time environmental protection and sustainability have b

The aim of this master’s thesis is to examine the registrar’s role within the organization, their relation to the archival profession and their professional status. As the title suggests, the question is raised whether registrars also could be considered archivists. The underlying background that brought this question forward is the notion that the information management within Swedish government

Historically, agriculture has played a significant role in enhancing the economic base of rural areas in most developing countries. However, the rural nonfarm economy, previously neglected by policy makers, is currently receiving more attention as it is thought to be a potential alternative to agriculture in lifting the rural poor out of poverty. This case study is centred on the resettled commun

Vid ett klyvningsförfarande är tanken att all ingående mark ska värderas i någon omfattning för att sedan fördelas mellan delägarna enligt deras respektive andel. Det har observerats exempel på värderingar som inte alltid gjorts enligt lag med en graderingsvärdering, det vill säga en värdering med mark i obebyggt skick och skog av normal karaktär, utan att denna istället gjorts efter en likvidvärdDuring a property partition the idea is that all land should be appraised to some extent, so that it can later be distributed among the co-owners according to their respective share. In a few examples of appraisals used by the National Land Survey there has been signs of irregularities in the application of grading appraisals. In some of these cases land has been appraised including buildings and

Sammanfattning Instansordningsprincipen är en förvaltningsrättslig princip som huvudsakligen medför att parterna i ett förvaltningsmål är förhindrade att tillföra nytt processmaterial i högre instanser. Principen är, emellertid, inte uttryckligen lagstadgad i Förvaltningsprocesslagen (1971:291), FPL. Istället är det upp till förvaltningsdomstolarna att tolka de uttalande som finns i förarbetena tiSummary The principle of the court hierachy is a principle within administrative law whose intention is to prevent the parties to add new case material in the higher instances. The principle, however, is not explicitly stated in the Administrative Court Procedure Act (1971: 291), FPL. Instead, the administrative courts are given the task to interpret various statements contained in the legislative

Sammanfattning Den 25 juli 2013 meddelade Europadomstolen dom i fallet Rousk (ECHR 27183/04). I fallet blev Rousks bostad utmätt och såld och han och hans familj slutligen avhyst från bostaden för en skatteskuld på 6721 kr. Europadomstolen kritiserade Sverige för brott mot artikel 8 i Europakonventionen och i artikel 1 i tilläggsprotokolet till Europakonventionen. Den svenska staten kritiserades ä

The United Nations Security Council is the only body that can make a decision to conduct a humanitarian intervention, still we have witnessed genocide in both Rwanda and recently Syria. These two cases highlight a fundamental problem as regards the structure of the Security Council. The five veto countries, have the power to prevent a humanitarian intervention. Because of this inefficiency, the in

This ethnographic case study analyses ecological, socio-cultural and economic practices taking place in a community-based organization (CBO), Organic Technology Extension and Promotion of Initiative Centre (OTEPIC), in rural Trans Nzoia County, Kenya, in order to understand how food sovereignty is promoted for community members and local small scale farmers in the given geographical context. Throu

Water resources management has been reconfigured over time and space; as power over decision-making processes has increasingly been vested from the state and distributed among networks of private and non-governmental actors. Geographical scholarships of environmental governance seek to critically analyse this transformation in order to grasp how decisions are made, and the consequences that entail