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The stability of accelerated electron beams produced by self injection of plasma electrons into the wakefield driven by a laser pulse guided inside capillary tubes is analyzed statistically in relation to laser and plasma parameters, and compared to results obtained in a gas jet. The analysis shows that reproducible electron beams are achieved with a charge of 66 pC +/- 11%, a FWHM beam divergence
Spin-echo modulation small-angle neutron scattering (SEMSANS) is based on the detection of spatial beam modulation, which is induced by triangular spin echo precession regions and subsequent spin analyses. In order to detect such signal and exploit it for small angle scattering investigations neutron detection with sub-millimeter spatial resolution is required. Here an approach is reported where i
We explored impacts of climate change on the geographic distribution of European beech by applying state of the art statistical and process-based models, and assessed possible climate change impacts on both adaptive capacity in the centre of its distribution and adaptive responses of functional traits at the leading and trailing edge of the current distribution. The species area models agree that
The MBE processes were performed in order to form the MnSb inclusions. Two kinds of substrates (GaSb and GaAs) as well as growth temperatures (450 and 520 degrees C) were examined. SEM imaging was performed to determine the shape and size of formed inclusions. In all the samples the inclusions of few hundred nm were formed. Their shapes depended strongly on the type of substrate while the size sli
Introduction: In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within two genes involved in the NF-kappa B cascade (GPR177 and MAP3K14) and bone mineral density (BMD) assessed at different skeletal sites, radial geometric parameters and bone turnover. Methods: Ten GPR177 SNPs previously associated with BMD with genome-wide significance and twelv
This tutorial will describe the field of high-order harmonics in gases, including attosecond pulse generation. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America
Approximately 50% of Sweden's electricity is produced by hydropower. This makes energy production in the country vulnerable to factors affecting water availability. Research has shown a positive correlation between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and hydropower production in Norway and northern Sweden during winter months. The correlation is, however, weaker in southern Sweden, which indicate
Probiotics are Live microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host. The composition of the microflora in the gastrointestinal tract is rather constant in healthy subjects, but is easily disturbed by severe illness and the use of antibiotics. The intestinal barrier that separates the luminal contents, with a very high density of microorganisms, from an almost sterile milieu in the gut wall
In vitro cultured brain tumour cells are indispensable tools for drug screening and therapeutic development. Serum-free culture conditions tentatively preserve the features of the original tumour, but commonly comprise neurosphere propagation, which is a technically challenging procedure. Here, we define a simple, non-expensive and reproducible serum-free cell culture protocol for establishment an
Caveolae are membrane organelles that play roles in glucose and lipid metabolism and in vascular function. Formation of caveolae requires caveolins and cavins. The make-up of caveolae and their density is considered to reflect cell-specific transcriptional control mechanisms for caveolins and cavins, but knowledge regarding regulation of caveolae genes is incomplete. Myocardin (MYOCD) and its rela
Although several models have been suggested in the literature to describe the relationship between learning and forgetting, this relationship is still not fully understood. This paper proposes the Depletion-Power-Integration-Latency (DPIL) model, which assumes that performing a task repetitively depletes the available encoding resources for that task. The DPIL model fitted five empirical datasets
BACKGROUND: The use of dietary fibre in bread products is increasing because of consumer demand for healthier products. However, an increase in dietary fibre level changes the rheological properties of the dough and also the quality properties of the final bread product. In this study, effects on dough and bread staling were followed after replacing 3% of wheat flour by fibre-rich additives (fine
A case study on the analysis of evacuation travel paths in virtual reality (VR) tunnel fire experiments is presented to increase the understanding on evacuation behaviour. A novel method based on the study of the parametric equations of the occupants’ evacuation travel paths using vector operators inspired by functional analysis theory and the new concept of interaction areas (IAs) is introduced.
The Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary similar to 65.5 million years ago marks one of the three largest mass extinctions in the past 500 million years. The extinction event coincided with a large asteroid impact at Chicxulub, Mexico, and occurred within the time of Deccan flood basalt volcanism in India. Here, we synthesize records of the global stratigraphy across this boundary to assess the proposed
Abstract Background: Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common surgical diagnosis. If no signs of strangulation are evident, the majority of the patients can be conservatively managed. Approximately one third of the patients need surgical treatment and there is a need for early parameters that can predict operative intervention. The etiology of SBO in most cases is postoperative abdominal adhesion
Kagera is one of the 22 regions of Tanzania mainland, which has witnessed a decline in HIV prevalence during the past two decades; decreasing from 24% in 1987 to 4.7 in 2009 in the urban district of Bukoba. Access to social capital, both structural and cognitive, might have played a role in this development. The aim was to examine the association between individual structural and cognitive social
