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Indonesia, like many other countries in Southeast Asia, has actively promoted the automotive industry. The governmental interventions have ranged from tariffs and non-tariff barriers to various local content programmes. As a result, imports of ready made cars and motorcycles have been expensive, which led to an inflow of foreign producers. This article examines productivity performance in the Indo
This paper examines the effects on technology transfer and spillovers deriving from ownership sharing of foreign multinational affiliates. More specifically, we try to answer two questions, using unpublished Indonesian micro data. Firstly, do establishments with minority and majority ownership differ in terms of productivity levels? Secondly, does the degree of spillover differ with the degree of
Using detailed micro data form the Indonesian manufacturing sector we examine whether participation in international trade affects establishments' productivity. Establishments participating in exports or imports have relatively high levels of productivity. Furthermore, the results suggest that establishments engaged only in exports have shown comparable high productivity growth. The larger the sha
Direct foreign investment (DFI) has been argued to be an important channel for international technology diffusion. This has led to extensive liberalisation of DFI regimes in many developing countries, including in Indonesia. Using detailed micro-data from the Indonesian manufacturing sector; we examine the effect on productivity from DFI. The results show DFI to benefit locally-owned establishment
Two models where productivity growth is caused by spillovers from R&D are analyzed using a sample of nine manufacturing industries in six large OECD countries between 1979 and 1991. The first model is based on traditional productivity analysis, the second model on the endogenous growth theory. The empirical results indicate stronger support for the latter. The results suggest that spillovers f
The paper examines empirically the effect of international trade and geographic proximity on knowledge inflow to Sweden. Swedish patent data is used to trace knowledge flows. Both geographic proximity and international trade are in a first estimation found to affect knowledge flows. An extreme bounds analysis is conducted on the estimated coefficients. The coefficient for geographic proximity is s
This paper deals with the exterior Calderón operator for Lipschitz surfaces. We present a new approach of finding the norm of the exterior Calderón operator for this class of surfaces. The basic tool in the treatment is the set of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Laplace-Beltrami operator for the surface. The norm is obtained as an eigenvalue problem of a quadratic form containing the exterioThis paper deals with the exterior Calderón operator for Lipschitz surfaces. We present a new approach of nding the norm of the exterior Calderón operator for this class of surfaces. The basic tool in the treatment is the set of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Laplace-Beltrami operator for the surface. The norm is obtained as an eigenvalue problem of a quadratic form containing the exterior
Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the ability to self-renew, execute multiple lineage paths, and dominantly reprogram differentiated cells upon cell fusion. Here, we describe an approach that reprograms human B lymphocytes toward pluripotency by generating inter-species heterokaryons with mouse ES cells. This induces a human ES-specific gene expression profile, in which the extent and the rapidity of
Abstract. Frontal cortex activity in the left hemisphere during depression is reduced. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that can increase frontal cortex activity. Therapy based on tDCS and positive psychology (PP) therapy was applied improving patients’ quality of life. The present study compared three conditions 29 participants with clinicFrontal cortex activity in the left hemisphere during depression is reduced. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that can increase frontal cortex activity. Therapy based on tDCS and positive psychology (PP) therapy was applied improving patients’ quality of life. The present study compared three conditions participants with clinical depression
BACKGROUND: A great deal of interest has been focused on finding substitutes for autogenous bone grafts. Among the most interesting materials are different calcium phosphate compositions (e.g., hydroxyapatite [HA]), due to their biocompatible properties in hard and soft tissue.PURPOSE: The bone response to porous ceramic HA granules in combination with two lipid and one polysaccharide carrier was
