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Urban traffic involves frequent acceleration and deceleration. During deceleration, the energy previously used to accelerate the vehicle is mainly wasted on heat generated by the friction brakes. If this energy that is wasted in traditional IC engines could be saved, the fuel economy would improve. One solution to this is a pneumatic hybrid using variable valve timing to compress air during decele

14-3-3 proteins comprise a family of highly conserved proteins. 14-3-3 proteins have been found in all organisms examined except for members of the prokaryotic kingdom. 14-3-3s are involved in numerous processes in the cell and they typically bind to phosphorylated motifs in other proteins and regulate their activities. In plants, 14-3-3 proteins are recognized as key regulators of primary metabo

It has often been argued that the Earth is like an island in space and that its brittleness is most clearly reflected on small islands in the oceans. Easter Island, in particular, with its largely depleted resources, has been seen as a microcosmic warning about what could happen to our entire planet. However, the analogy of the Earth and islands with finite natural resources is not self-evident fr

Based on how the mushroom Lactarius vellereus converts an inactive precursor into the cytotoxic dialdehyde isovelleral (1) via a cyclic enol ether, as part of a binary chemical defense system that protects the fruit bodies against parasites, a synthetic way to obtain analogous dialdehydes masked in the same way has been developed. As isovelleral analogues (e.g. 2 and 3) possess extremely potent cy

We present the characterization results of a new high resolution negative electron beam resist mr-L 6000.1 XP. The resist can also be used as imprintable polymer in nanoimprint lithography with sub-100 nm resolution. The feature size achieved after e-beam exposure was about 50 nm with sensitivity of 2-4 μC/cm². Studies of the resist properties as a function of chemical composition and d

Popular Abstract in Swedish Moderns rökning under graviditet och risk för medfödda missbildningar. Ungefär två procent av alla nyfödda föds med någon missbildning såpass allvarlig att den rapporteras till missbildningsregistret och/eller till det medicinska födelseregistret. Trots alla samhälleliga insatser för att minska rökningen (speciellt i samband med graviditet) så röker (1996) 16% av de grAbout two percent of Swedish newborn infants are born with a significant congenital malformations which is reported to the Swedish Registry of Congenital Malformations (RCM), and/or the Swedish Medical Birth Registry (MBR). In spite of persistent public health recommendations, about 16% of the Swedish pregnant women are smoking during pregnancy (1996). It is well known that maternal smoking during

Popular Abstract in Swedish På senare tid har ett stort antal receptorer för extracellulära nukleotider (P2 receptorer) klonats vilka förmedlar en mängd effekter i hjärtkärlsystemet: inotropa effekter på hjärtat, trombocytaggregation, blodtrycksreglering, frisättning av endoteliala faktorer och stimulering av glatt muskeltillväxt. Redan idag står det klart att P2-receptorer är fysiologiskt och patP2 receptors mediate the actions of the extracellular nucleotides ATP, ADP, UTP and UDP regulating several physiological responses including cardiac function, vascular tone, smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, platelet aggregation, and the release of endothelial factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mRNA and protein expression of P2 receptors in human SMCs, endothelial c