The general transcription factor IID (TFIID) is required for initiation of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription at many eukaryotic promoters. TFIID comprises the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and several conserved TBP-associated factors (TAFs). Recognition of the core promoter by TFIID assists assembly of the preinitiation complex. Using cryo-electron microscopy in combination with methods for a

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) causes a variety of diseases, including acute pharyngitis, impetigo, rheumatic fever and the streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Moreover, S. pyogenes was responsible for the classical example of a nosocomial infection, the epidemics of puerperal fever (childbed fever) that caused the death of numerous women in earlier centuries. The most extensively

Carbon sink strength differences are examined here between ectomycorrhizal fungi in interaction with additions of ammonium and apatite (a phosphorus- and calcium-containing mineral). Pinus muricata associated with Paxillus involutus and four suilloid isolates (Suillus pungens and members of three Rhizopogon section Amylopogon species groups) were used in microcosm nutrient addition experiments. Th

The aim of this study was to investigate if fetal circulation is affected by maternal anxiety. 37 nulliparous women were studied prospectively in the third trimester of pregnancy, with self-rate tests of anxiety (STAI). Doppler ultrasound examination of the umbilical artery and fetal middle cerebral artery was performed at 37-40 gestational weeks. The pulsatility index (PI) was calculated and corr

Mates and females are in conflict over parental care, as it would be favourable for one parent to shift labour to the other. Yolk hormones may offer a mechanism through which female birds could influence offspring traits in ways that increase the relative investment by the male. We studied the role of yolk androgens in mediating sexual conflict over parental care in the collared flycatcher (Ficedu

Botanical macrofassil analysis of a more than 9000 years old, radiocarbon dated peat sequence of a moss peat bank from South Georgia, shows a clear evolution in the vegetation. Seven ecological phases could be distinguished and they can be interpreted in terms of climate development during the Holocene. Until 2200 years ago, Warnstorfia fontinatiopsis was the dominant moss species pointing to a we

The flux and transmission of protein A during microfiltration have been studied. We studied the performance of two commercial membranes: one made of nylon (Pall Ultipore Nylon(66), 0.2 mum) and one of polyether sulfone (Pall Omega, 0.16 mum). The Nylon(66) membrane had by far the best transmission of protein A although a previous study showed that bovine serum albumin (BSA), often used to characte

Software Configuration, Management has been a big success in research and creation of tools. There are also many vendors in the market of selling courses to companies. However, in the education sector Software Configuration Management has still not quite made it - at least not into the university curriculum. It is either not taught at all or is just a minor part of a general course in software eng

An imbalance of the trace element status in human tissues and body fluids has been suggested as a contributing factor for the development of fibromyalgia (FM). The study comprised 38 females with defined fibrornyalgia (FM) according to generally accepted criteria from the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). They were compared with 41 females matched for age and Geographic location. The concent

We demonstrate a quantum stroboscope based on a sequence of identical attosecond pulses that are used to release electrons into a strong infrared (IR) laser field exactly once per laser cycle. The resulting electron momentum distributions are recorded as a function of time delay between the IR laser and the attosecond pulse train using a velocity map imaging spectrometer. Because our train of atto

Aims/hypothesis. We assessed how the role of genes genetic causation in causing maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) alters the response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Methods. We studied OGTT in 362 MODY subjects, from seven European centres; 245 had glucokinase gene mutations and 117 had Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1 alpha (HNF-1alpha) gene mutations. Results. BMI and age were si

BACKGROUND: We have used hypothermia successfully in patients with acute respiratory failure after lung transplantation. However, we have observed that dopamine may cause a substantial decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in hypothermic subjects. Furthermore, a dopamine-induced increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) has been reported in the literature, and this could aggravate the inc

We created a computational optical model of spherical fish lenses that takes into account the effects of the peripheral layers that differ in cellular composition from the bulk of the lens. A constant refractive index, except for the lens capsule, in the outer about 6 % of lens radius made it possible to uniquely infer the refractive index gradient in more central layers from a known or desired lo

In this article, we demonstrate that interaction of human papillomavirus-like particles (HPV-VLPs) with the putative glucosaminoglycan binding receptor is strictly dependent on conformational integrity. Such conformations are present on VLPs and capsomeres but not on monomers of the major capsid protein, L1, confirming reports that capsomeres can induce virus-neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore,