To explore the effect of different degrees of oestrogenization on male voiding, by treating adult castrated and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-maintained male mice with different doses of oestrogens, as exposure of male mice to excessive amounts of oestrogens can cause bladder outlet obstruction (BOO); in addition, male mice lacking oestrogen receptor (ER)alpha (ERKO) or ER beta (BERKO) were st

In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the presence of acute synovial inflammation is an indication of the activity of the disease. It is an important finding because it often influences therapeutic decisions. However, acute synovitis may be difficult to detect by clinical examination, especially if a joint effusion also is present. As gadolinium tetra-azacyclododecane tetraacetic acid (Gd-DOTA) c

Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) represent the most frequent form of genetic variations. Some of the most sensitive methods for SNP genotyping employ synthetic oligonucleotides, such as the peptide nucleic acid (PNA). We introduce a new method combining allele-specific hybridization, PNA technology, and flow cytometric detection. We tested the design by genotyping a Danish basal

Primary structural information of anhydride binding to endogenous proteins is of interest in order to determine the mechanism causing the type-I allergy seen in many anhydride-exposed workers. In addition, studies on specific protein adducts may generate new methods for biological monitoring. In this study, the binding of hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) to human hemoglobin (Hb) in vitro was inv

Shikimic acid is one of several industrially interesting chiral starting materials formed in the aromatic amino acid pathway of plants and microorganisms. In this study, the physiology of a shikimic acid producing strain of Escherichia coli (derived from W31 10) deleted in aroL (shikimic acid kinase II gene), was compared to that of a corresponding control strain W31 10) under carbonand phosphate-

The adsorption of colloids with varying sizes and charges onto a surface carrying both negative and positive charges representing a membrane has been investigated by using a simple model employing Monte Carlo simulations. The membrane is made of positive and negative charges (headgroups) that are allowed to move along the membrane, simulating the translational diffusion of the lipids, and are also

Two new long sediment cores (EC1 and EC3), recovered from different locations within the infilled basin at Les Echets, France, provide a new high-resolution record of terrestrial and lacustrine responses to climatic changes during Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3 and 2. The lithologies of the cores are described in detail and correlated with each other by stratigraphic marker horizons, fluctuations i

Density functional calculations have been used to investigate oxygen atom transfer reactions from the biological oxygen atom donors trimethylamine N-oxide (Me3NO) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to the molybdenum(IV) complexes [MoO(mnt)(2)](2-) and [Mo(OCH3)(mnt)(2)](-) (mnt = maleonitrile-1,2-dithiolate), which may serve as models for mononuclear molybdenum enzymes of the DMSO reductase family. The

Synaptogenesis, the formation of functional synapses, is a crucial step for the development of the central nervous system. Among the genes involved in this process are cell adhesion molecules, such as protocadherins and neuroligins, which are essential factors for the identification of the appropriate partner cell and the formation of synapses. In this work, we studied the expression and the genet

Hydration of mesoporous silica MCM-41 was studied using the method of sorption calorimetry. By combining water sorption and nitrogen sorption experiments, we calculated the density of silanol groups on the MCM41 surface as 1.6 nm(-2). Comparison of capillary condensation regimes of water and nitrogen showed that the apparent density of water confined in MCM-41 pores is ca. 0.88 g/cm(3). The pore d

The chemokine CCL25 is constitutively expressed in the thymus, and its receptor CCR9 is expressed on subsets of developing thymocytes. Nevertheless, the function of CCL25/CCR9 in adult thymopoiesis remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that purified CCR9–/– hematopoietic stem cells are deficient in their ability to generate all major thymocyte subsets including double-negative 1 (DN1) cells in com

To examine the efficacy and safety of vildagliptin vs. glimepiride as add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a 52-week interim analysis of a large, randomized, double-blind, multicentre study. The primary objective was to demonstrate non-inferiority of vildagliptin vs. glimepiride in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) reduction at week 52. Patients inadequately co

BACKGROUND: Genuine Euro-Collins solution is calcium free. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the addition of calcium would improve its capacity to preserve the vasculature. METHODS: The infrarenal aorta of Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated in organ baths: as fresh controls, after 24 hours of cold (4 degrees C) storage in Euro-Collins solution, or in Euro-Collins solution with the

Inflammation is present in all stages of atherosclerosis, from fatty streaks to rupture of mature plaques. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is expressed in atherosclerotic lesions but its role in atherogenesis has not been defined. To clarify the role of this cytokine, we administered thalidomide, a compound known to inhibit TNF-alpha production, to homozygous apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/