Proton exchange membrane fuel cells have been promoted due to improved breakthrough and increased commercialization. The assembly pressure put on a single cell and a fuel cell stack has important influence on the geometric deformation of the gas diffusion layers (GDLs) resulting in a change in porosity, permeability, and the resistance for heat and charge transfer in proton exchange membrane fuel

This chapter examines how international environmental law pertains during and in the transition phase from armed conflict to peace. I argue that environmental treaties have the ability to fill an institutional and a legal gap, particularly in a post-conflict context, which is often characterized of institutional collapse and break down of rule of law. Environmental treaties could therefore be of r

2D perovskites have recently been shown to exhibit significantly improved environmental stability. Derived from their 3D analogues, 2D perovskites are formed by inserting bulky alkylammonium cations in-between the anionic layers. However, these insulating organic spacer cations also hinder charge transport. Herein, such a 2D perovskite, (iso-BA)2(MA)3Pb4I13, that contains short branched-chain spac

Ratios of top-quark pair to Z-boson cross sections measured from proton-proton collisions at the LHC centre-of-mass energies of s=13 TeV, 8 TeV, and 7 TeV are presented by the ATLAS Collaboration. Single ratios, at a given s for the two processes and at different s for each process, as well as double ratios of the two processes at different s, are evaluated. The ratios are constructed using previo

Reflections on whether non-state actor can apply the right to self-defence under the existing international legal framework.

HRM is considered of vital strategic importance in professional service firms, but professionals generally resist these managerial initiatives. In this article, I report on an in-depth case study of a tax consultancy department in a major accounting firm by exploring the way professionals reconcile the logics of professionalism and HRM. Results indicate that the logics are reconciled in several wa

It is, with the thermal models used in today's building simulation progr¿rms,possible to calculate the major part of the heat transfer in a room with an ambientouter wall. However, there are some parameters these models calculatewith less or unknown accuracy: heat flows in poorly insulated walls or windows,heat flows in a room exposed to strong solar radiation, temperatures onthe inside of ambientAn ambient wall with a window were studied with both theoretical analyses and measurements performedunder conditions with natural climate. The method used wes to estimate the heat flow through wall and windowfrom measured temperatures and solar radiation. The longwave radiation was calculated from surface temperatures. The convective heat transfer was caculated as the difference between the heat f

Geometrically designed III-V nanowire arrays are promising candidates for optoelectronics due to their possibility to excite nanophotonic resonances in absorption spectra. Strong absorption resonances can be obtained by proper tailoring of nanowire diameter, length and pitch. Such enhancement of the light absorption is, however, accompanied by undesired resonance dips at specific wavelengths. In t

Context. As observational evidence steadily accumulates, the nature of the Galactic bulge has proven to be rather complex: the structural, kinematic, and chemical analyses often lead to contradictory conclusions. The nature of the metal-rich bulge - and especially of the metal-poor bulge - and their relation with other Galactic components, still need to be firmly defined on the basis of statistica

The implementation of maximally restrictive texture zeros in the leptonic sector is investigated in the context of two-Higgs-doublet models with Majorana neutrinos. After analyzing all maximally restrictive pairs of leptonic mass matrices with zero entries, we conclude that there are only four texture combinations that are compatible with observations at 3σ confidence level and can be implemented

Masses of 52Co, 52Com, 52Fe, 52Fem, and 52Mn have been measured with the JYFLTRAP double Penning trap mass spectrometer. The isobaric multiplet mass equation for the T = 2 quintet at A = 52 has been studied employing the new mass values. No significant breakdown (beyond the level) of the quadratic form of the IMME was observed (). The cubic coefficient was 6.0(32) keV (). The excitation energies f

Particle Induced X-ray Emission is a well-established technique for quantitative elemental analysis down to trace levels. During microbeam analysis, where the beam is collimated and focused into a small spot, the beam current reduces to nA or less. The generation of characteristic X-rays is reduced in the same proportion, leading to long data-acquisition times. This can partly be compensated for b

Non-native animals can encounter very different environments than those they are adapted to. Functional changes in morphology, physiology and life-history following introduction show that organisms can adapt both fast and efficiently. It remains unclear, however, if female reproductive characters and male sexually selected behaviour show the same adaptive potential. Furthermore, the invasion succe

We present a study of high-order-harmonic generation (HHG) assisted by extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulses, which can lead to the excitation of inner-shell electrons and the generation of a second HHG plateau. With the treatment of a one-dimensional model of krypton, based on time-dependent configuration interaction singles (TDCIS) of an effective two-electron system, we show that the XUV-

We investigate ionization of neon atoms by an isolated attosecond pump pulse in the presence of two coherentextreme ultraviolet or x-ray probe fields. The probe fields are tuned to a core-valence transition in the residual ionand induce spectral shearing of the photoelectron distributions. We show that the photoelectron-ion coincidencesignal contains an interference pattern that depends on the tem

Background: Use of disposable protective gloves in health care is necessary both to protect patients and personnel. However, the use might also be responsible for skin disease among persons wearing the gloves. Dermatitis may be caused by additives in the gloves, either from manufacturing of the glove material or components in coatings applied after vulcanization. Objectives: We wanted to analyse t