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Epidemiological studies have shown diet to be an important factor in the global variation of human cancer rates. The presence of mutagenic/carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAs) in cooked foods has attracted a great deal of interest for more than 20 years. Accurate assessment of the human exposure to HAs requires food questionnaires that address cooking methods and reliable methods for th
This thesis concerns nozzles and their impact on droplet formation and droplet flight in a continuous ink jet printer. Methods are suggested to characterise droplet formation and droplet flight stability (D.F.S.). A study about the influence of droplet flight stability on the quality of print out is presented. A method to assess the charging process for the continuous ink jet is described. The dev
Narrowband and wideband measurements of the radio channel using different combinations of transmit and receive polarization have been performed. The measurements cover a range of scenarios including urban, suburban and open terrain, as well as both outdoor and indoor terminals. The vertical-to-vertical (V-V) and horizontal-to-horizontal (H-H) polarization combinations are found to provide equal re
Popular Abstract in Swedish Varje år insjuknar ungefär 450 000 kvinnor i livmoderhalscancer (cervixcancer) i världen. Som en följd av screening för livmoderhalscancer, där kvinnor testar sig regelbundet för cellförändringar, har insjuknandet i livmoderhalscancer minskat. Det cellprov som används i screeningen lyckas dock inte upptäcka alla kvinnor som har ökad risk för framtida cancer. Humant papiDifferent types of human papillomavirus (HPV) vary in the extent they cause precursor lesions (CIN) and cancer. There are limited long-term efficacy data on HPV testing in primary screening Among 72 cervical cancers in Mozambique, HPV 16 and 18 were the most frequent HPV types (69% of cases). Comparing 108 cervical cancers cases and 517 matched controls nested within a population-based cohort in
Plant growth, nutrient uptake, microbial biomass and activity were studied in pot systems containing spruce seedlings colonised with different ectomycorrhizal fungi from an ash-fertilised forest. The seedling root systems were enclosed in mesh bags inside an outer compartment containing crushed, hardened wood ash. Three different species of mycorrhizal fungi and a non-mycorrhizal control were expo
This paper reviews the factors influencing the development and sustained operation of regional industrial symbiosis (IS) networks and discusses the roles a coordination body can play to alter these factors so as to catalyse the development and functioning of such networks. These are analysed within the context of experiences gained in the early stages of three regional IS programmes under developm
High efficiency, environmental friendliness, low operation and maintenance costs, and the lowest possible impact on the environment are some of the requirements of sustainable energy production. In the selection of new power generation systems, a number of steps have to be taken into account in order to meet these requirements. Here, the first law analysis has been implemented and investigated, fo
Individuals with a dismissing-avoidant pattern of attachment are assumed to repress anxiety-related signals, a disposition hypothesized to interfere with facial mimicry and emotional contagion. Further, they are assumed to have one internal working model associated with anxiety, operating out of awareness at early, automatic stages of information processing, and another positive model operating at
A five-cylinder diesel engine, converted to a single cylinder operated optical engine is run in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) mode. A blend of iso-octane and n-heptane is used as fuel. An experimental study of the horizontal boundary layer between the main combustion and the non-reacting surface of the combustion chamber is conducted as a function of speed, load, swirl and inject
Disorders of the central nervous system are a major concern in modern human societies. Studies of these disorders require the use of suitable model systems that accurately reproduce the human situation. In this article we focus on the possibilities of using the human NT-2 teratocarcinoma cell line for studies on neuronal differentiation, cellular function and neurodegeneration. Neurons generated f
Studies of apparently homogeneous cell populations and single cells often give highly divergent results. Cells exhibit varying responsiveness to stimuli and gene expression and they are in many aspects stochastic and unpredictable. We have developed a method to measure gene expression quantitatively in individual cells with real-time RT-PCR. mRNA for hormones, ion channels and enzymes in pancreat
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling handlar om modeller för plana solfångare, transparent isolering och verkningsgradsfaktorer. En ekvation för energiutbytet från en glasad plan solfångare härleds genom att modellera verkningsgradsfaktorn, F´, som en summa av en konstant och en temperaturberoende del. Ett alternativt sätt att testa en plan solfångare, baserat på denna modell, föreslås. EThis thesis deals with models of flat plate collectors, transparent insulation and efficiency factors. An equation for the energy output from a glazed flat plate collector is derived by modelling the collector efficiency factor, F´ as the sum of a constant and a temperature dependent part. An alternative way of testing a flat plate collector, based on this model, is suggested. A complete set of a
Popular Abstract in Swedish Koncentrationen av växthusgaser i atmosfären har ökat kontinuerligt under de senaste 200 åren, och ökningen tillskrivs huvudsakligen antropogena utsläpp. FN´s senaste klimatrapport slår vidare fast att den ökade halten av växthusgaser i atmosfären leder till klimatförändringar. Både förhöjda halter av växthusgaser i atmosfären och ett ändrat klimat påverkar dock omsättnAbstractThe cycling of carbon in its gaseous, solid and dissolved forms is of central importance to ecosystem science, particularly, when the natural carbon cycle has been perturbed by human activity. Mathematical models are commonly used to asses and predict global and regional patterns of terrestrial carbon exchange. At the same time, processes operating on smaller (sub-grid) scales are usually
