The European public procurement regulation has been described as a restrictive force on PPP projects, especially in countries which employ a strict interpretation of the directives. One major limitation brought forward has been the restrictions on negotiations during the procurement procedure. In the literature it has been suggested that the negotiation would improve PPP performance because it all

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A presentation of the Shanghai Revolutionary Committee's "Reception Work Bulletin" (with selected translations) highlighting its usefulness as a source of information on ordinary people's everyday lives in the Cultural Revolution

This essay discusses the dissemination of atrocity images in contemporary mass media, from the photographs of mass-graves in the Nazi concentration camps to the pictures of torture of Iraqi prisoners in Abu Ghraib. The central question is one of distances: the distance between the image and the event, between the picture and the beholder, and between the destroyed human body and the cultural forms

The TRIPS Agreement allows WTO Members to enact and apply appropriate domestic competition law to address IPR-related anti-competitive practices. However, these flexibilities in the TRIPS Agreement do not provide any specific guidance for WTO Members. The application of domestic competition law to IPR abuses in technology transfer varies a great deal between developed and developing countries, and

IEEE 1687 enables flexible access to the embedded (on-chip) instruments that are needed for post-silicon validation, debugging, wafer sort, package test, burn-in, printed circuit board bring-up, printed circuit board assembly manufacturing test, power-on self-test, and in-field test. At any of these scenarios, the instruments are accessed differently, and at a given scenario the instruments are ac

Popular Abstract in Swedish Kan immunförsvaret orsaka ledsjukdomar? Ett väl fungerande immunsystem är en förutsättning för att kroppen ska kunna bekämpa diverse sjukdomar orsakade av t. ex. virus och bakterier. En grundläggande egenskap hos immunsystemet är dess förmåga att kunna skilja på vad som är kroppens egna celler och molekyler och vad som är främmande. Man tror att vissa sjukdomar, så kalCollagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is a mouse model for rheumatoid arthritis, in which autoimmunity is induced by immunization with type II collagen (CII), a cartilage-specific protein. In the present work, alpha/beta T cells were shown to be required for CIA and for the production of anti-CII IgG antibodies, whereas gamma/delta T cells were neither necessary nor sufficient for development of CIA. A

The HCCI engine, with its excellent potential for high efficiency and low NOx emissions, is investigated from a control perspective. Combustion timing, i.e., where in the thermodynamic cycle combustion takes place, is identified as the most challenging problem with HCCI engine control. A number of different means for controlling combustion timing are suggested, and results using a dual-fuel soluti

Our aim in this paper is to provide a referential account of functional anaphora within a Skolem functions framework. We will give an interpretation of indefinite NPs as Skolem terms in order to show that the referential link established between an anaphoric pronoun and its antecedent is a descriptive one. Then we will argue that functional anaphora can be understood as a particular kind of E-type

This paper proposes a compact field weakening controller (FWC). The FWC was developed during the development of an electrically driven rear axle for a hybrid electric car. The overall control system of the vehicle, the hybrid controller (HC), delivers a reference torque for the rear drive unit (RDU). Depending on the torque reference, instantaneous vehicle speed and battery voltage the task of the

The research history of the Younger Dryas oscillation is briefly described. Different Younger Dryas archives are presented and the methods by which the event is dated are discussed. Possible mechanisms behind the oscillation, its presence in northern and southern Hemisphere records and its possible role within a bi-polar seesaw climatic pattern are discussed.

The two main design schemes for Terahertz quantum cascade lasers, based on tunnelling and scattering injection, respectively, are theoretically compared. We apply our simulation package based on the non-equilibrium Green’s function technique. Our results provide a good description of the gain degradation with temperature. Thermal backfilling contributes to decrease of population inversion in both