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The object of the present study was to compare stereological estimates of brain volumes obtained in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to corresponding volumes from physical sections in vitro. Brains of ten domestic pigs were imaged using a 3-T scanner. The volumes of different brain compartments were obtained from MR images by two observers and from physical sections using the Cavalieri est

Using the choroid plexus from pig a method has been developed to purify the epithelial cells from the underlying vascularized connective tissue stroma. An epithelial cell fraction was obtained that showed a purity of at least 95%, as determined by light microscopic analysis. The epithelial cells were investigated for the presence of binding sites for the neurotransmitter peptide, vasoactive intest

Modeling of human and animal behavior is of interest for a number of diagnostic purposes. Convolutional neural networks offer a constructive approach allowing learning on a limited number of examples. Chaotic tendencies make that learning is not always successful. The paper looks into a number of applications to find the reason for this anomaly and identifies the need for behavioral references to

We have examined the theory of optothermionic refrigeration combining the ideas of laser cooling and thermionic cooling [Mal'shukov and Chao, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5570 (2001)] and its estimation on thermal energy extraction by using self-consistent calculations with the drift-diffusion model in this paper. Both the Auger and the Shockley-Read-Hall dissipation processes are considered. For GaAs/AlG

Evolutionary change in response to natural selection will occur only if a trait confers a selective advantage and there is heritable variation. Positive connections between pollen traits and fitness have been found, but few studies of heritability have been conducted, and they have yielded conflicting results. To understand better the evolutionary significance of pollen competition and its potenti

Palaeoecological analyses from a small fen deposit, combined with pollen analysis from buried soil profiles under prehistoric burial mounds, have been used to investigate the timing and vegetation change associated with the Holocene development of a cultural landscape in southern Sweden. Traditional pollen analysis is complemented with plant macrofossil analysis and soil pollen analysis from withi

Objective. To evaluate 10 biomarkers in magnetic resonance imaging (M RI)-determined, pre-radiographically defined osteoarthritis (pre-ROA) and radiographically defined OA (ROA) in a population-based cohort of subjects with symptomatic knee pain. Methods. Two hundred one white subjects with knee pain, ages 40-79 years, were classified into OA subgroups according to MRI-based cartilage (MRC) scores

Aim To investigate the distribution, and broad-scale geographical patterns, of variation, in the widespread boreo-nemoral woodland herb Carex digitata throughout its native European range. To interpret the revealed geographical pattern of variation in terms of glacial survival, post-glacial migration and inter-regional gene-flow. Location The whole of Europe divided into twenty-five geographical r

Three series of sulfur-containing analogs to the selectively antiproliferative 2-(6-hydroxynaphthyl) β-d-xylopyranoside were synthesized and their biological properties investigated. A short, general route to hydroxynaphthyl disulfides from dihydroxynaphthalenes was developed to utilize the disulfide bond as a sulfur-selective protecting group to enable the orthogonal protection of hydroxyls and t

Goodpasture disease fulfils all criteria for a classical autoimmune disease, where autoantibodies targeted against the non-collagenous domain of the alpha3-chain of collagen IV initiates an inflammatory destruction of the basement membrane in kidney glomeruli and lung alveoli. This leads to a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and severe pulmonary hemorrhage. Previous studies have indicated a

Radiative lifetimes of two short-lived levels (i.e. 4f(8) (F-7(6))6p(1/2) (6,1/2)(11/2,13/2)) in Tb II are measured by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique with a two-step excitation process. Free Tb III ions are produced in a laser-induced plasma. Lifetime values are evaluated with a deconvolution procedure of the time-resolved fluorescence signal with the temporal shape of se

Parkinson’s disease is predominantly a dopamine deficiency syndrome, which is produced in the brain by the loss of cells located in a small area in the ventral midbrain called the substantia nigra. Complete unilateral dopamine lesions, based on the administration of toxic substances (ie, 6-hydroxy-dopamine in rats and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in mice and primates) have been ext

The detection of the formyl radical (HCO) is of great interest in the field of combustion research since it can provide information about the local heat release (HR) rate which is a key parameter in the understanding of combustion processes. Unfortunately, due to the low signal level, HCO planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLTF) has so far not been applicable for single-shot imaging, which is nece

The genetic changes underlying the development and progression of male breast cancer are poorly understood. Germline BRCA2 mutations account for a significant part of male breast cancer, but the majority of patients lack a known inherited predisposition. We recently demonstrated that the progression of breast cancer in female carriers of a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation follows specific genetic

This study investigates the association between anticipated ethnic discrimination and self-reported psychological health, taking generalized trust in other people into consideration. The 2004 Public Health Survey in Skåne, Sweden, is a cross-sectional postal questionnaire study including a total of 27,757 respondents aged 18-80 with a 59% response rate. Multivariate analyses of anticipated discrim

This study describes a novel isolation procedure for major glycolipids from Bifidobacterium adolescentis 94 BIM. The procedure consists of the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) with hydro-methanolic solution as co-solvent. The major Glycolipids were isolated using the following operating conditions: pressure, 30 MPa, co-solvent concentration, 10% (9:1, methanol/water, v/v), CO2 flow ra

Cationic vesicles and DNA form complexes that are promising gene delivery systems. Despite the increasing number of publications on their morphology and structure, the mechanism leading to their formation is not yet understood due to a lack of kinetic data. In the present study the kinetics of the interaction between DNA and cationic vesicles were followed using stopped-flow turbidity and small-an

Novel proton conducting ionomers have been prepared by attaching pendant sulfonated aromatic side chains to polysulfone. Lithiated polysulfone was first reacted with 4-fluorobenzoic acid chloride to introduce 4-fluorobenzoyl side chains to the polymer main chain. Next, the activated fluoro groups were replaced by 4-sulfophenoxy or 7-sulfo-2-naphthoxy in a potassium carbonate-mediated nucleophilic