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Background and aims: Animal studies have suggested that high salt intake might increase the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but results from populations are mixed, in part due to inadequate salt intake measurement. Salty taste preference is the primary factor leading to salt choice and can reflect habitual salt intake. However, no study has investigated

This article presents and discusses data from two research methods on journalism in Afghanistan before the Taliban takeover of power in August 2021. News reports from the time of the intra-Afghan peace talks in September 2020 were analyzed using the Peace Journalism model. These were found to be predominantly War Journalism, leaving audiences cognitively primed for violent conflict responses and l

Mali and Somalia have both suffered determined Islamist-inspired insurgencies, and in both African Union-led peace operations have been a central pillar in political and security stabilization efforts. Despite challenges in transferring lessons between unique situations, the AMISOM experience can offer some useful lessons for Mali. We have identified several themes that helped to drive success for

Background: Pain in children is undertreated. An assessment scale co-designed with children, parents, and health care professionals could lead to more effective pain assessments and treatment strategies aimed at reducing pain and pain-related symptoms. There are analogue scales validated for self-report of pain in children, but today, children regularly use digital technology, which healthcare sho

Purpose: To characterise the baseline clinical features and genotypes of adults with pre-mRNA processing factor 31 (PRPF31)-associated retinal dystrophy (RD) enrolled in a prospective, multicentre 4-year natural history study, and to explore correlations between selected baseline parameters. Methods: Thirty-one patients with PRPF31-RD underwent comprehensive multimodal assessment, including slit-l

Context. Since the discovery of the first exoplanet almost three decades ago, the number of known exoplanets has increased dramatically. By beginning of the 2000s it was clear that dedicated facilities to advance our studies in this field were needed. The CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS) is a space telescope specifically designed to monitor transiting exoplanets orbiting bright stars. I

The Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS) officially became the 33rd European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) on 25 April 2023 with the support of 17 founding member and observer countries. As a pan-European legal organization, ACTRIS ERIC will coordinate the provision of data and data products on short-lived atmospheric constituents and clouds relevant to clim

Chapter 3 examines the techniques and elements of paramilitarism through the intersections of both domestic and foreign policy. By focusing on extralegal activities as a derivative of state violence, the interactions between domestic and foreign policy and the continuities of unconventional warfare are analyzed. Specifically, it explores how Turkey has acquired and transformed modern forms of unco

Background: The combination of hematuria, proteinuria and a reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with no previous diagnosis of chronic kidney disease is widely considered a strong indication for kidney biopsy. This study aimed to compare the frequencies of diseases leading to this symptom constellation, and to explore differences related to age and sex using data from kidney biopsy

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. While personality traits have been associated with various health outcomes, their association with stroke remains underexplored. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on wave 9 data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Individuals aged 50 years or older were included in the study. The B

As phylogenetically basal metazoans, sponges (phylum Porifera) provide crucial insights into the origins of animal biomineralization and early body plan innovation. However, articulated sponge fossils remain exceptionally rare in Ediacaran–Cambrian transition strata, with most records limited to isolated spicules or ambiguous biomineralized structures. This study reports siliceous and phosphatical

Background: Generating parasite genomes is challenging when little of the DNA in infected host tissue is from the parasite. We used selective whole genome amplification (SWGA) to generate genomic data from wildlife samples of the avian haemosporidian Haemoproteus majoris (lineage PARUS1) and its host, the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus). Methods: We used SWGA to amplify the parasite DNA in nine avi

Precision measurements of electron reconstruction, identification, and isolation efficiencies and photon identification efficiencies are presented. They use the full Run 2 data sample collected by the ATLAS experiment in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV during the years 2015–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1. The measured electron identification efficien