Mucoadhesion, adhesion of a material to a mucous membrane or a mucus-covered surface, has been employed in drug delivery to prolong contact with adsorption sites and consequently a likely improvement of drug absorption. Mucoadhesion in the oral cavity also provides additional effects on tactile mouthfeel and extended flavor delivery, which impact consumer perception. The mechanisms behind mucoadhe

Numerous modelling efforts have attempted to characterize the effects of different non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on the Covid-19 spread. Arguably the most famous is one published in Nature by an Imperial College group. A slight variation of it was later published in Science by a group of Oxford researchers. Both publications are based on hierarchical Bayesian modelling that aims to expla

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Statistical models of shape and appearance have increased their popularity since the 1990s and are today highly prevalent in the field of medical image analysis. In this article, we review the recent literature about how statistical models have been applied in the context of osteoporosis and fracture risk estimation.RECENT FINDINGS: Recent developments have increased their abili

BACKGROUND: With the increasing number of breast cancer (BC) diagnosed as a second primary malignancy after a first primary non-breast cancer (BCa-2), it is unclear about the familial risk of BC among women with a first-degree relative (FDR, parents or siblings) affected by a BCa-2.METHODS: In this Swedish nationwide cohort study, 5315 women with a FDR affected by BCa-2 and 115,048 women with a FD

InSb has the smallest bandgap and highest electron mobility among III-V semiconductors and is widely used for photodetectors and high-frequency electronic applications. Integration of InSb directly on Si would drastically reduce the fabrication cost and enable new applications, however, it is very challenging due to its 19% lattice mismatch with Si. Herein, the integration of single-crystalline In

Aims Lung cancer predictive biomarker testing is essential to select advanced-stage patients for targeted treatments and should be carried out without delays even during health emergencies, such as the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Methods Fifteen molecular laboratories from seven different European countries compared 4 weeks of national lockdown to a corresponding period in 2019, in terms of t

This article describes a pathway for collaboration between transplant healthcare professionals and organ recipients. Under the umbrella of the European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT) a joint initiative started from three Sections and Committees of ESOT: EDTCO (European Donation and Transplant Coordination Organisation), ETHAP (European Transplant Allied Healthcare Professionals) and ELPA

Background and purpose — There is an ongoing debate regarding the appropriate level of constraint in primary TKA. To provide increased stability and better kinematics, more resembling a natural knee, a medial congruent (MC) tibial insert has been introduced. To investigate potential impact on implant migration, we evaluated the cemented Persona TKA, randomizing between MC and cruciate-retaining (C

Background: Acute lower limb ischemia with a motor deficit (Rutherford IIb) needs urgent revascularization to avoid major amputation and mortality. It is unclear whether immediate revascularization without performing CT angiography (CTA) prior to revascularization in Rutherford IIb acute lower limb ischemia (ALI) is associated with better outcomes. Methods: Retrospective observational study of Rut

BACKGROUND: The role of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) in bacteremias continues to be controversial. Until the 1970s, CNS were mostly recognized as contaminants, being part of the cutaneous flora. Since then, several studies have reported increasing incidence and severity of infections due to CNS.PURPOSE: To review the literature concerning the epidemiology of CNS bacteremia in the United

We compared monocular and binocular absolute thresholds of dark adaptation in two separate study populations. Eighteen healthy individuals (Group A) and 13 patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency (Group B) were examined three times each by computerised dark adaptometry with simultaneous but separate recordings from each eye and binocularly. The respiratory patients received oxygen suppleme

In patients with panic disorder or premenstrual dysphoria, anxiety attacks can be triggered by intravenous administration of sodium lactate. Since respiratory symptoms, such as hyperventilation and shortness of breath, are characteristic features of spontaneous as well as lactate-induced panic, an involvement of central or peripheral chemoreceptors in this reaction has been suggested. In the prese

Objective: We investigated the efficacy and safety of carfilzomib-containing induction before salvage high-dose melphalan with autologous stem-cell transplantation (salvage ASCT) and maintenance with carfilzomib and dexamethasone after salvage ASCT in multiple myeloma. Methods: This randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial included patients with first relapse of multiple myeloma after upfront ASCT wh

Germline SAMD9 and SAMD9L mutations (SAMD9/9Lmut) predispose to myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with propensity for somatic rescue. In this study, we investigated a clinically annotated pediatric MDS cohort (n = 669) to define the prevalence, genetic landscape, phenotype, therapy outcome and clonal architecture of SAMD9/9L syndromes. In consecutively diagnosed MDS, germline SAMD9/9Lmut accounted f

The second most common neurodegenerative disease, Parkinson’s disease, is linked with an amyloid forming protein, alpha-synuclein. Hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease are progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of intraneuronal inclusions termed Lewy bodies. Major components of Lewy bodies are amyloid fibrils formed by alpha-synuclein and various lipids and cell organelles. In this

Objective: The aim was to describe the microbiology of surgically treated infective native (mycotic) aortic aneurysms (INAAs), and associated survival and development of infection-related complications (IRCs). Methods: Data were pooled from 2 nationwide studies on surgically treated patients with INAAs in Sweden, between 1994 – 2016. Patients were grouped and analyzed according to culture results:

Background: While cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the gold-standard psychological treatment for major depression (MD), non-response and lacking stability of treatment gains are persistent issues. Potential factors influencing treatment outcome might be lifetime trauma history and possibly associated primarily prefrontal-cortex- and hippocampus-dependent cognitive alterations. Method: We inve