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In birds that breed cooperatively in family groups, adult offspring often delay dispersal to assist the breeding pair in raising their young. Kin selection is thought to play an important role in the evolution of this breeding system. However, evidence supporting the underlying assumption that helpers increase the reproductive success of breeders is inconsistent. In 10 out of 19 species where the
In 2011 the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB) applied for a permit to construct a disposal facility in Östhammar. The Swedish overnment is expected to make a decision in 2019. The Swedish National Council of Nuclear Waste did a survey to investigate how informed the Swedish parliamentary Members were in these issues. The first study was done with Members of Parliament (MP) in
The aim of this study is to explore the IPS implementation process in a first-episode psychosis (FEP) mental health service team in Sweden. More specifically, the study explores how integration processes and critical situations are perceived over time by team members who originated from two diverse welfare organizations. A serial interview design was used (initially, at 6 and 12 months) to describ
Purpose: To investigate access to basic human rights such as health, a standard of living adequate for health, education, work, marrying and establishing a family, and voting for prosthetic and orthotic users with lower limb disabilities in Malawi. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional design and a questionnaire were used to collect data from 83 participants. Results: Most participants reported
Purpose: To explore the experiences of persons with physical disabilities accessing and using rehabilitation services in Sierra Leone. Materials and methods: Interviews of 38 individuals with differing physical disabilities in three locations across Sierra Leone. An inductive approach was applied, and qualitative content analysis used. Results: Participants faced several barriers to accessing and
PURPOSE: The DIANA study aimed to evaluate how often antimicrobial de-escalation (ADE) of empirical treatment is performed in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to estimate the effect of ADE on clinical cure on day 7 following treatment initiation.METHODS: Adult ICU patients receiving empirical antimicrobial therapy for bacterial infection were studied in a prospective observational study from Octo
Main problem: Self-management is essential for patients both before and after kidney transplantation and requires an adequate level of health literacy (HL), that is the ability to comprehend and process health information. Low HL is associated with poor clinical outcome and an increased risk of death. In Europe, HL has been scarcely studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of H
The number of underground metro stations around the world is steadily increasing and deep stations are becoming more common. Evacuation elevators can be a way to mitigate many of the evacuation problems of deep stations, e.g., fatigue. However, the elevators need to be used by evacuees to be effective. In order to study the influence of evacuation measures on elevator usage, experiments were perfo
In recent years, parenting support has gained traction in the Swedish welfare state in both policy and practice. Parenting is seen as determining child outcomes and are thus in need of knowledge and expertise. Yet, at the same time, parents are conceptualised as experts of their own child. The intriguing paradox between parents being experts while at the same time being in need of parenting suppor
Purpose: Hunter Harrison, CEO of the railroad company CSX, died on December 16, 2017. Harrison, known as the railroad transformation guru, was a controversial person. While his transformations were applauded by investors, they were also subject to significant criticism. The author changes triggered service disruptions, customer complaints and federal scrutiny. The purpose of this paper is to condu
A combination treatment (CT) of proinsulin and IL-10 orally delivered via genetically modified Lactococcus lactis bacteria combined with low-dose anti-CD3 (aCD3) therapy successfully restores glucose homeostasis in newly diagnosed non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Tolerance is accompanied by the accumulation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the pancreas. To test the potential of this therapy o
The transcriptional response of hosts to genetically similar pathogens can vary substantially, with important implications for disease severity and host fitness. A low pathogen load can theoretically elicit both high and low host responses, as the outcome depends on both the effectiveness of the host at suppressing the pathogen and the ability of the pathogen to evade the immune system. Here, we i
Purpose: Trapped fourth ventricle (TFV) is a well-identified problem in hydrocephalic children. Patients with post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) are mostly affected. We tried to find out predisposing factors and describe clinical findings to early diagnose TFV and manage it. Methods: We reviewed our database from 1991 to 2018 and included all patients with TFV who required surgery. We analyzed p
Många växt- och djurarter har missgynnats av landskapsförändringar och riskerar att försvinna om de inte får hjälp. Länsstyrelsen upprättade därför 2017 en lista med förslag på kommunala ansvarsarter i Skåne. Varje kommun har tilldelats några hotade arter som har sin utbredningsmässiga tyngdpunkt i kommunen.
Aims: Although nitrogen (N) fixation by moss-associated bacteria is the main source of new N in N-limited ecosystems like arctic tundra, we do not know which nutrient, molybdenum (Mo) or phosphorus (P), is rate-limiting for sustaining this process in the long-term. Further, how moss-associated N2 fixation impacts the belowground microbial regulation of decomposition remains unresolved. Methods: Mo
The paper takes up a well-known constitutional subject concerning the limitations of private bills by reformulating the problem in system theoretical terms. This move allows for examining how the law as a social system carries through the task of establishing distinctions between legal/illegal in a situation where there is no precedence in the form of prior court decisions. After a short introduct
Purpose: To study the test–retest reliability of the Catquest-9SF questionnaire in cataract surgery. Methods: A single-centre prospective non-randomized test–retest study was conducted using the Swedish National Cataract Register and the Catquest-9SF questionnaire, which is a valid patient-reported outcome measurement tool developed and used for evaluating quality and visual disability outcome in
We study the systematics and evolutionary history of the Afrotropical butterfly genus Mylothris (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) based on six gene regions (COI, EF1a, GAPDH, MDH, RpS5 and wingless). We find that the genus can be placed into five species groups, termed the jacksoni, elodina, rhodope, agathina and hilara groups. Within these species groups, we find that many species show very little genetic
