Det förekommer en rad olika standarder, regler och föreskrifter för hur toleranser för prefabricerade betongelement ska bestämmas. Att det figurerar så många olika värden på toleranser i branschen, möjliggör uppkomsten av problem. Känner kunden till vad de avtalat om? Vem är det egentligen som bestämmer vilka toleranser det är som ska följas? Kunden eller företagen? Det är inte någon nyhet för bra

An information system is basically a way to store and process information. All such systems are built from an information model, in essence a model for how to organize data in order to make it possible to process, thus turning it into information. Today there exist advanced information systems for performing spatial analysis (GIS) and to model buildings (BLM-systems). At present the development of

Feedback och kommunikation är viktiga faktorer för att minska felstatistiken inom byggbranschen. Det är viktigt att aktörerna får reda på när de har gjort fel så de inte gör om det i framtiden. Feedback tillbaka till konsulterna brister vilket stödjs av de intervjuer som utförts. För att få de anställda att förstå avsikten med feedback och hur viktigt det är krävs initiativ från ledningen. Det mås

Swedish buildings, which were built in the early 60: s to mid 70: s are in great need of a restoration. Not least in view of the considerable quantities of energy that the buildings consume, this is partly due to the end of life in building components. Energy which in the worst case is obtained from non-renewable energy sources, which in turn generates significant carbon dioxide emissions worldwid

Problemställning: Den övergripande frågeställningen är hur landstingens attityd är till att tillämpa ett ”FM-perspektiv”. Syfte: Studera och analysera hur landstingen hanterar sin stödverksamhet. Metod: En inledande förundersökning av Nya Karolinska Solna och en marknadsundersökning beställd av Coor Service Management har använts som underlag för vidare studier. Teoretisk kunskap inom områdena F

In the following Master’s thesis I examine two central concepts in the development of the Latin-American novel of the 20th century: the Marvelous Real (lo real maravilloso) and the American Baroque (lo barroco americano), both developed by the Cuban author Alejo Carpentier (1904-1980). In the study, following some biographical considerations, two original texts by Carpentier are presented; the fir

The lack of housing in Stockholm is a fact. People ask for centrally located housing and the demand is contributing to increased prices. There are clear political message of creating more housing in the city, while construction of new buildings, and conversion of older buildings, are limited by rules and laws. City Planning establishes follows and modifies overviews and detailed plans of the city.

Property management tends to be forgotten when the property market indicates increased rents and property values. During boom years, the focus has been on new developments and expanding existing property portfolios rather than on ‘property management’. However, as a result of the financial crisis, the property market is presently in a downturn, and is marked by falling property prices. As a result

The participant who perhaps should have the greatest impact in problem: the planning process of a building are the ones who are going to use it – the users. It is those who will spend time in and take part of the building’s functionality and architecture. However, it is unclear to what extent the user has the opportunity to influence the planning of a building. Every new project needs a common goa

Rising construction costs, expensive building material and low profitability are problems that the construction industry today is struggling with. NCC's goal is to reduce production costs by 5% per year between year 2008 and 2012. Virtual construction is a part of this effort. Using object-oriented 3D-models increases the opportunity of identify errors that have been made during the project pl

Syftet med studien är att ta fram en teoretiskt fungerande process för renoveringen av miljonprogrammet. Studiens specifika mål är att: Vad saknas och/eller är problem med processen för renoveringen av miljonprogrammet idag? På vilket sätt skiljer sig processen mot andra koncept-processer? Undersöka ledningssystem och dess processer. Identifiera möjliga kopplingar och konflikter mellan processen f

För att människor ska kunna interagera i olika situationer, krävs att de kan kommunicera med varandra. I byggbranschen, där mycket arbete görs i projektform och nya människor hela tiden sammankopplas för att lösa en specifik uppgift, är välfungerande kommunikation en nyckelfaktor till lyckade projekt. Om kommunikationen istället är bristande kan det bli mycket kostsamt, skriver både Svensk Byggtjä

Examensarbetets syfte är att visa skillnader mellan det traditionella platsgjutna byggandet av broar gentemot prefabbroar. Fokus ligger på arbetsmiljö, kvalitet, miljö, tid och kostnad samt beställarnas inställning mot prefabricerade betongbroar. Att undersöka var produktionen av betongelement är lämpligast. Jämförelsen sker mellan tillverkning in situ eller i fabrik samt utreda framtidsutsikterna

Flexibility in construction and properties has become all the more common over the last years. Facilities are a resource and it is the facility provider’s job to provide functional and useful facilities to the core activity. To be able to satisfy the tenants needs, flexible facilities in a favorable is needed as the tenants area of business will with all probability change over the years. New inst

The land development process is usually known as a very complex and drawn-out process. During the latest decade, the system of municipal development has become more market-oriented and the responsibility has shifted from public to private sector. The property developer takes a great financial risk each time a new project is initiated by not knowing when or if a detailed development plan will be ap

Today the amonut of new construktions are almost at the same level as in the “miljon program” therfore the way of building the construktions have gone to more and more prefabricated. The construcktionsite have more and more gone to become a place there finsiched elements comes and are being merged with others. This demands that we hold tolerances of every element/ field very well. Scientific assi

Development within the construction industry has traditionally been slow. However, during recent years construction companies have felt a greater pressure to become more efficient and to lower building-costs. One step in the development has been the adjustment towards the usage of model-based design. By constructing the final product as a computer model, construction companies hope to reduce build

Production companies are often exposed to rapid change and turbulent business environments, whilst the facilities and premises they conduct their business from are long term commitments with a lower turnover rate than most other assets. Decisions regarding real estate are complicated by nature and often yield long term consequences which could be hard to forecast. This dilemma between short- and l

This thesis discusses the problem of estimating smoothed expectations of sums of additive functionals of sequences of hidden states in general hidden Markov models. To compute expectations of this sort, the smoothing distribution, i.e. the conditional distribution of the hidden states given the corresponding observations, needs to be approximated. This thesis proposes a new algorithm to achieve th