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Software failures in medical devices can lead to catastrophic situations. Therefore is it crucial to handle software related risks when developing medical devices. This paper presents the experiences gained from an ongoing case study with a medical device development organisation. This part of the study focuses on the two first steps of the risk management process, i.e. risk identification and ris
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease in which genetic factors play a central role. The efficacy of TNF blockers has reoriented research in this field in order to explain the influence of TNF in AS pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to access the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at positions -308 and -238 of the promoter region of TNF gene on A
We present a network of sites across Fennoscandia for optical sampling of vegetation properties relevant for phenology monitoring and satellite data calibration. The network currently consists of five sites, distributed along an N-S gradient through Sweden and Finland. Two sites are located in coniferous forests, one in a deciduous forest, and two on peatland. The instrumentation consists of dual-
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common forms of human cancer worldwide with approximately 1 million new cases detected every year. CEA is currently the only accepted CRC marker incorporated into clinical practice, where it is used for early detection of metastasis in follow-up of patients having stage II and III disease, and for monitoring response to adjuvant treatment. However there a
Objective. Overactive bladder (OAB) is a chronic condition that has a profound impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study measured changes in bother of OAB symptoms and self-perceived HRQoL over 6 months in patients treated with extended-release (ER) tolterodine in a naturalistic setting. Material and methods. This was a prospective, single-cohort observational study of patients
The use of nanoparticles in consumer products, for example, cosmetics, sunscreens, and electrical devices, has increased tremendously over the past decade despite insufficient knowledge about their effects on human health and ecosystem function. Moreover, the amount of plastic waste products that enter natural ecosystems, such as oceans and lakes, is increasing, and degradation of the disposed pla
Organometal halide perovskite-based solar cells have recently been reported to be highly efficient, giving an overall power conversion efficiency of up to 15%. However, much of the fundamental photophysical properties underlying this performance has remained unknown. Here, we apply photoluminescence, transient absorption, time-resolved terahertz and microwave conductivity measurements to determine
Contemporary precipitation patterns in the Caribbean region are spatially variable, and the small number of Holocene paleoclimatic records may not adequately capture patterns of variation in the past. The hydrological history of Grenada was inferred from paleolimnological analyses of sediment cores from two crater lakes on the island. The basins were formed by volcanic activity some time during th
In this study a prospective design was used to investigate the interaction between baseline trait anxiety and exposure to traumatic situations on post-trauma symptoms of anxiety and insomnia in a sample of Swedish peacekeeping soldiers serving in Kosovo. The result showed that pre-trauma trait anxiety interacted with exposure to traumatic situations predicting a higher post-trauma distress. Furthe
In recent years, dynamical modelling has been provided with a range of breakthrough methods to perform exact Bayesian inference. However, it is often computationally unfeasible to apply exact statistical methodologies in the context of large data sets and complex models. This paper considers a nonlinear stochastic differential equation model observed with correlated measurement errors and an appli
Women before menopause are protected from cardiovascular disease compared to age-matched men through mechanisms associated with the female sex hormone estrogen. There are three known estrogen receptors named ERα, ERβ and GPR30/GPER1, which are all three receptors are expressed in the cardiovascular system. Most known cardiovascular effects of estrogen are reported to be mediated via ERα but much l
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hydraulic performance of a full-scale on-site vertical-flow biofilter, consisting of a mixture of peat and carbon-containing ash, and a 500 m(3) equalization pond prior to the filter-system. The treatment plant was constructed to clean up leachate from an industrial mono-landfill that contained shredder residues of end-of-life vehicles and white goods.
Background-Although the heritability of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AF/AFl) has been determined, the familial risk in multiplex families is unclear. The main aim of this nationwide study was to determine the familial risk of AF/AFl in multiplex families. Methods and Results-We examined the familial risk of AF/AFl in the entire Swedish population. We linked Multigeneration Register data on
Deformation of amorphous, glassy polycarbonate (PC) is characterised over a wide range of length-scales using spatially-resolved wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) with simultaneous digital image correlation and in-situ uni-axial loading. Novel observations are presented on the correlation of the evolution of the molecular structure linked to the relevant local macroscopic measures of strain as th
This article introduces child-raising blogs in China. Written by mothers and their 6- to 12-year-old offspring, child-raising blogs contain diverse material from and about a child’s daily life and issues relating to a mother raising her offspring. Six blogs from mothers and their daughters are studied under the aspect of generational relations and the voice of children online with the aim of under
