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PURPOSE: The development of tumor-specific markers to select targeted therapies and to assess clinical outcome remains a significant area of unmet need. We evaluated the association of baseline circulating tumor cell (CTC) number with clinical characteristics and survival in patients with castrate metastatic disease considered for different hormonal and cytotoxic therapies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: CT

Saccharomyces cerevisiae TMB3001 has previously been engineered to utilize xylose by integrating the genes coding for xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) and overexpressing the native xylulokinase (XK) gene. The resulting strain is able to metabolize xylose, but its xylose utilization rate is low compared to that of natural xylose utilizing yeasts, like Pichia stipitis or Candida

The literature identifies two forms of business organization, Neocorporatist and firm-level, and the strength of each respective type has changed over time; whereas Neocorporatism has remained steady or declined, firm-level organization has become stronger in all countries. The literature underscores the differential effects of these two forms of business organization on employer support for activ

In both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients, Candida and Malassezia are causing or triggering clinical manifestations such as cutaneous infections and atopic eczema. The innate immune system provides rapid responses to microbial invaders, without requiring prior stimulation, through a sophisticated system of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). High molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) and compo

The second most common cause of chronic renal failure is glomerulonephritis, which is a collective term used for numerous diseases with the common denominator of histological renal inflammation emanating from the glomerular tuft. Whether all forms of glomerulonephritis should be considered as autoimmune disease is debatable, but immune mechanisms are important in all of them. This review focuses o

The frequency of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood predicts a probable cancer risk. The individual telomere length and methylation of repetitive elements may be susceptibility factors for chromosomal aberrations. A cohort of healthy Norwegian men (N = 364) recruited during 1980-1999 were analyzed for chromosomal aberrations in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from peripheral blo

The prediction of transcription factor binding sites in genomic sequences is in principle very useful to identify upstream regulatory factors. However, when applying this concept to genomes of multicellular organisms such as mammals, one has to deal with a large number of false positive predictions since many transcription factor genes are only expressed in specific tissues or cell types. We devel

BACKGROUND: It is widely assumed that apoptosis of eosinophils is a central component of resolution of allergic airway disease. However, this has not been demonstrated in human allergic airways in vivo. Based on animal in vivo observations we hypothesised that steroid-induced resolution of human airway eosinophilic inflammation involves inhibition of CCL5 (RANTES), a CC-chemokine regulating eosino

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this longitudinal study was to test the hypothesis that CSF biomarkers in AD patients also may be forward-looking measures that are associated not only with the degree and profile of cognitive impairment but also with changes in cognition over time. METHODS: Here, we assessed the association of CSF Abeta42, T-tau and P-tau with neuropsychological scores of disease severity,

Laser tattoo removal uses the physical properties of photoselective thermolysis in order to remove tattoo pigment. The technique has gradually improved over the years with the development of Q-switched lasers, with overall good results and a relatively low degree of adverse effects. However, lasers cannot always erase the unwanted tattoo completely, and there are still risks of unwanted effects su

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) trauma often occurs in combination with injury to the articular cartilage of the knee, this can result in earlier radiographic evidence of post traumatic osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee compared to the contralateral, ACL intact knee; however, the biomechanical and biological mechanisms associated with the onset and progression of this disease are not understood. We

Background: Vascular access failure is a common cause of morbidity in patients with end-stage renal failure on hemodialysis (HD). Activation of the coagulation system and formation of a thrombus play important roles in recurrent arteriovenous fistula/graft (AVFG) failure. Thrombin in complex with thrombomodulin (TM) activates the anticoagulant protein C and creates activated protein C (APC), which

Recent literature suggests that the extent to which exports of a product is influenced by distance depends on the product characteristics. Differentiated products with non-standardised attributes are typically claimed to be more distance-sensitive as transactions should involve interactions between buyers and sellers. But the empirical evidence still finds conflicting results. Previous studies hav

OBJECTIVES:: Blood flow changes in the intestines during conventional negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), and NPWT using a protective disc over the intestines in laparostomy. BACKGROUND:: Higher closure rates of the open abdomen have been reported with NPWT compared with other kinds of wound management. However, the method has been associated with increased development of fistulae. We have com

Lifetimes of six levels belonging to the 4f(10)6p configuration of Ho III have been measured for the first time using the time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence method. They are compared with multiconfigurational pseudo-relativistic Hartree-Fock calculations. A very good agreement is found. Using the experimental lifetimes and theoretical branching fractions, a first set of transition probabilit

OBJECTIVE: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) plays a critical role in osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis from osteoprogenitor cells. The balance between osteogenic and adipogenic effects is influenced by BMP2 concentration, transcription factors and age. BMP2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may contribute to osteoporosis risk, but the relationship between adiposity and body composition h

Worldwide the prevalence of preeclampsia (PE) ranges from 3 to 8% of pregnancies. 8.5 million cases are reported yearly, but this is probably an underestimate due to the lack of proper diagnosis. PE is the most common cause of fetal and maternal death and yet no specific treatment is available. Reliable biochemical markers for prediction and diagnosis of PE would have a great impact on maternal he

The human fetal ventral mesencephalon-derived stem cell line, hVM1, yields high number of tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing presumed dopaminergic neurons upon in vitro differentiation. Here we report that cells generated from this line differentiate into a neuronal phenotype, express electrophysiological properties of functional neurons and respond to neurotransmitters in vitro. However, the electro