Machine learning, a sub-field of artificial intelligence, is the study of computer algorithms that improve automatically through experience. Although the term was coined in 1959, machine learning builds on questions/methods that were developed earlier in linear algebra, mathematical analysis, optimization, and mathematical statistics. In this chapter we will give a brief overview of machine learni

Images created using a standard collimator-based scintillation camera are essentially 2D images, lacking information regarding the source depth, since the value in a particular pixel in the image represents detection of photons along a line determined by the collimator. However, it is possible to reconstruct a set of 2D images that together form a 3D image of the underlying activity distribution f

Despite the increased use of different types of gender-fair forms in French, studies investigating their interpretation in context remain few. To fill this gap, we conducted a pre-registered study using a timed sentence evaluation task to examine speakers' possibilities to establish an anaphoric relationship between a gendered anaphoric expression (women or men) and non-stereotyped role nouns as a

Planar imaging was for a long time the most-used technique for image-based activity quantification. Owing to its simplicity and speed, the possibility to acquire dynamic image sequences, and to generate whole-body images at a reasonable acquisition time, it is still frequently used in nuclear-medicine imaging. Today, planar imaging is most commonly used for diagnostic examinations with qualitative

The first part of the chapter provides an introduction on the implementation of quality-assurance programmes in nuclear medicine (NM) services. It is argued that participation in interlaboratory comparisons has two main benefits. First, on top of existing local quality-assurance programmes, participation can add a level of reassurance on quality. Second, interlaboratory comparisons are prerequisit

This chapter describes the use of the Monte Carlo method to simulate nuclear medicine imaging systems, mainly the scintillation camera – SPECT (Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography) and PET (Positron Emission Tomography) – systems that are major tools in nuclear medicine to produce images of activity distributions. The first part describes the principles behind the Monte Carlo method, in par

The use of Computed tomography (CT) for anatomical information in a combination with the SPECT system has in many ways added substantial information to many nuclear medicine imaging procedures. The information from the CT system can provide information on the location of lesions and can be used for attenuation correction. Modern SPECT/CT and PET/CT today have CT scanners that provide diagnostic qu

Purpose: This study explores the relationship between governance model – private organisations vs non-profit organisations (NPOs) – and performance in football clubs. Design/methodology/approach: The study is a comparative case study of two football clubs with different governance models: Malmö FF, which is an NPO, and Bologna FC, which is a privately owned club. Findings: The results show that bo

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a well-established medical imaging modality, characterized by excellent soft-tissue contrast in morphological images. The field of MRI is developing rapidly, also in applications related to tissue function, physiology, and microstructure, including imaging of flow, perfusion, cortical activation and diffusion. Information about tissue metabolites and biochemical

Background: One way to measure quality of care is by measuring satisfaction of provided care among patients and their families. EMpowerment of PArents in THe Intensive Care 30 (EMPATHIC-30) is a self-reported questionnaire grounded on the principles of FCC aiming to measure parents' satisfaction with paediatric intensive care. There is lack of Swedish questionnaires measuring satisfaction with pae

This state-of-the-art handbook, the third and final in a series that provides medical physicists with a comprehensive overview into the field of nuclear medicine, focuses on highlighting the production and application of radiopharmaceuticals. With this, the book also describes the chemical composition of these compounds, as well as some of the main clinical applications where radiopharmaceuticals

The use of radionuclides in medicine will inevitably result in various forms of radioactive waste. The waste emerges from the production of radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals, diagnostic and therapeutic use, and in biomedical research. Radioactive waste can also include spent sealed sources used for calibration, or quality control of different kind of medical equipment. The waste can lie withi

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death for men and women worldwide, and it also causes substantial disability and loss of productivity. The diagnosis of IHD involves clinical evaluation, including identifying risk factors, and specific cardiac investigations such as stress testing or coronary artery imaging. The arsenal of imaging modalities to detect and manage patients with I

According to UNHRC, approximately 5 million refugees fled Ukraine between the 24th of February and the 17th of April 2022. Governments and civil societies all over Europe face a major task of mobilizing resources to address the refugees' welfare needs. This effort is partly dependent upon the mobilization of informal civil society. In this research note, we present preliminary findings on the onli

The emergence of digital technology has led researchers, businesses, and entrepreneurs to reflect more on the potential value that Augmented Reality (AR) can play in tourism. Although the relationship between authenticity and travel intention has been examined previously, little is known about how authenticity influences tourist travel intention after an AR experience. To fill this research gap, t

Dihydropyrimidinase (DHPase) is a key enzyme in the pyrimidine pathway, the catabolic route for synthesis of β-amino acids. It catalyses the reversible conversion of 5,6-dihydrouracil (DHU) or 5,6-dihydrothymine (DHT) to the corresponding N-carbamoyl-β-amino acids. This enzyme has the potential to be used as a tool in the production of β-amino acids. Here, the reaction mechanism and origin of ster

Purpose: Tensor-valued diffusion encoding can probe more specific features of tissue microstructure than what is available by conventional diffusion weighting. In this work, we investigate the technical feasibility of tensor-valued diffusion encoding at high b-values with q-space trajectory imaging (QTI) analysis, in the human heart in vivo. Methods: Ten healthy volunteers were scanned on a 3T sca

We explore the regional engagement of universities in non-core regions in a Global South context and uncover how new universities form and institutionalize regional ties. Through case studies of five new universities in India, we identify three routes–personal, organizational and brokered–through which new universities form regional ties, and four logics–incrementalism, social responsibility, legi