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Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is frequently accompanied by memory impairments and, although their bases are unknown, most research has focused on the hippocampus. The present study investigated the importance of another medial temporal lobe structure, the perirhinal cortex (Prh), in changes in memory in TLE using kindling as a model. Rats were kindled twice daily with anterior Prh stimulation until

In this article, John Locke's accounts of political liberty and legitimate government are read as expressions of a normative demand for non-arbitrariness. I argue that Locke locates infringements of political liberty in dependence on the arbitrary will of another, whether or not interference or restraint actually takes place. This way Locke is tentatively placed in that tradition of republican tho

Cell proliferation and long-term production of monoclonal antibody IgG(2b) by M2139 hybridoma cells immobilized in macroporous gel particles (MGPs) in packed-bed reactor were studied for a period of 60 days. The MGPs were made of supermacroporous gels produced in frozen conditions from crosslinked polyacrylamide and modified with gelatin which were housed in special plastic carriers (7 x 9 mm(2)).

This paper describes a new method for detection and estimation of backlash in control loops. The detection procedure is based on normal operating data. It is not assumed that the output from the backlash is measured. The procedure is automatic in the sense that no information has to be provided from the user to run the procedure. Since an estimate of the dead band caused by the backlash is provide

Pt/CuO/Al2O3 catalysts with 20 wt% CuO and 0.5-4 wt% Pt were prepared and used for the selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia in wet and dry gases and in synthetic biogas with CO, hydrogen, and methane. Imaging of the catalysts with HREM and STEM, combined with elemental analysis, reveals that copper is well dispersed and Occurs in the form of patches on the support. Platinum in the form of nano

Pyromellitic dianhydride-4,4-oxydianiline (PMDA–ODA) polyimide films have been studied using high resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and model semi-empirical INDO/S–CI calculations. Experimental and theoretical C 1s, N 1s, and O 1s spectra are presented, and found to be in good agreement with each other. Shakeup features of the spectra are identified, and their electronic nature analyzed

Simultaneous videoradiography and solid-state manometry (videomanometry) were performed in 8 patients (4 women, 4 men; age range = 46-81 years, mean age = 70 years) with pharyngeal dysfunction in order to disclose any changes in intrabolus pressure during swallowing maneuvers. Five of the patients had severe pharyngeal dysfunction with frequent misdirected swallows. Three of the patients had moder

The phase behavior of the ternary monoolein (MO)-diolein (DO)-water ((H2O)-H-2) system is presented. The experimental phase behavior and microstructure are studied by a combination of polarizing microscopy, small-angle X-ray diffraction, and NMR methods. Monoolein forms extensive reversed bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline phases (C) that are in equilibrium with a lamellar liquid crystalline ph

A random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) protocol was developed for interlaboratory use to discriminate food-borne Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 from other serogroups of Y. enterocolitica and from Y. enterocolitica-like species. Factors that were studied regarding the RAPD performance were choice of primers and concentration of PCR reagents (template DNA, MgCl2, primer and Taq DNA polymerase). A fa

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are two closely related neuropeptides that are expressed in islets and in islet parasympathetic nerves. Both peptides bind to their common G-protein-coupled receptors, VPAC1 and VPAC2, and PACAP, in addition to the specific receptor PAC1, all three of which are expressed in islets. VIP and PACAP

Anandamide acts as a full vanilloid receptor agonist in many bioassay systems, but it is a weak activator of primary afferents in the airways. To address this discrepancy, we compared the effect of different vanilloid receptor agonists in isolated airways and mesenteric arteries of guinea pig using preparations containing different phenotypes of the capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerve. We found that

We were the first to demonstrate that combined immunotherapy with GM-CSF producing GL261 cells and recombinant IFNgamma of preestablished GL261 gliomas could cure 90% of immunized mice. To extend these findings and to uncover the underlying mechanisms, the ensuing experiments were undertaken. We hypothesized that immunizations combining both GM-CSF and IFNgamma systemically would increase the numb

Purpose Evaluation of primary tumor-, treatment-, and patient-related factors predicting relapse pattern, risk, and survival after relapse with the aim to design a risk-adapted, tumor- directed surveillance program for patients with localized rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Patients and Methods One thousand one hundred sixty-four patients with nonmetastatic RMS achieved complete remission at the end of mu

The etiology and pathogenesis of male breast cancer (MBC) are poorly known. This is due to the fact that the disease is rare, and large-scale genetic epidemiologic studies have been difficult to carry out. Here, we studied the frequency of eight recurrent Finnish BRCA2 founder mutations in a large cohort of 154 MBC patients (65% diagnosed in Finland from 1967 to 1996). Founder mutations were detec

This paper provides a description of a cost-benefit analysis applied to determine the cost effectiveness, or otherwise, of nine management strategies potentially applicable to forests contaminated with Cs-137. Th management strategies were considered singly and in a number of likely combinations. A management strategy was considered to be cost-effective if it resulted in a lower overall monetary d

The main pathology underlying disease symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons. No effective disease-modifying treatment currently exists. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects and it enhances dopaminergic function in animal models of PD. These findings raise the possibil

The level structure of Nd-140(80) has been established up to spin 48 by in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy using the Zr-96(Ca-48, 4n) reaction. High-fold gamma-ray coincidences were measured with the EUROBALL spectrometer. Twelve new rotational bands have been discovered at high spins, showing the change from a spherical single-particle behaviour at low spins to a deformed regime with stable triaxiali

Objective: The pathogenesis and clinical significance of true umbilical cord knots remain controversial. Here, we tested the hypothesis of the presence of congenital oral mucosal changes in newborns with true umbilical cord knots. Study design: Seven consecutive infants with true umbilical cord knots and 50 gestational age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. The proportion of oral frenulum ab