The artificial bilayer structures of lipids and phospholipids can be fabricated using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. High sensitivity and ultrasensitive detection can only be achieved using plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). This chapter describes the single molecule detection of tagged-phospholipids using the LB technique and plasmon-enhanced s

In this study, we tested the hypothesis according to which chitosan reduces lipid digestion by blocking the access of lipases to ingested fat. Because lipase action takes place mostly at interfaces, we produced Langmuir films of 1,2-didecanoyl-glycerol (DDG), which is the substrate for human pancreatic lipase (HPL). The experimental assays were carried out in acidic medium, at pH 3.0, to ensure th

A direct, low-cost method to determine the concentration of lactose is an important goal with possible impact in various types of industry. In this study, a biosensor is reported that exploits the specific interaction between lactose and the enzyme β-galactosidase (β-Gal) normally employed to process lactose into glucose and galactose for lactose-intolerant people. The biosensor was made with β-Ga

The introduction of spraying procedures to fabricate layer-by-layer (LbL) films has brought new possibilities for the control of molecular architectures and for making the LbL technique compliant with industrial processes. In this study we show that significantly distinct architectures are produced for dipping and spray-LbL films of the same components, which included DODAB/DPPG vesicles. The film

Investigation into nanostructured organic films has served many purposes, including the design of functionalized surfaces that may be applied in biomedical devices and tissue engineering and for studying physiological processes depending on the interaction with cell membranes. Of particular relevance are Langmuir monolayers, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) and layer-by-layer (LbL) films used to simulate bi

The wide variety of molecular architectures used in sensors and biosensors and the large amount of data generated with some principles of detection have motivated the use of computational methods, such as information visualization techniques, not only to handle the data but also to optimize sensing performance. In this study, we combine projection techniques with micro-Raman scattering and atomic

Plasmon-enhanced spectroscopic techniques have expanded single-molecule detection (SMD) and are revolutionizing areas such as bio-imaging and single-cell manipulation. Surface-enhanced (resonance) Raman scattering (SERS or SERRS) combines high sensitivity with molecularfingerprint information at the single-molecule level. Spectra originating from single-molecule SERS experiments are rare events, w

One-dimensional iron oxide materials fabricated on conducting glass substrates and their unique properties make these nanostructures promising candidates for a wide range of applications. Herein, vertically oriented α-Fe2O3 nanorod arrays synthesized under hydrothermal conditions over a large area are described, as an active platform for surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) and surf

We present a consistent and unified study of the spectrum of low-lying mesons, baryons, and glueballs using the MIT bag model, incorporating several improvements in the model. We correct for the center-of-mass motion, use a running coupling αs(R), include self-energy terms for quarks and gluons confined in a cavity, and get the bag constant from a model of the QCD vacuum. Our fit to the meson and

It is argued semiquantitatively that the magnetic instability of the perturbative QCD vacuum leads to the formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate that locally can be described as a JPC=0++ gluon color-singlet bound state of "glueball." We also indicate how this result might be obtained by a more rigorous field-theoretical treatment. A general discussion of the global properties of the "glueball va

Mellan 16 februari och 22 mars 2017 genomfördes 24 mätningar av finfraktionen (PM2.5) och grovfraktionen (PM10 – PM2.5) av grundämnen i luftburna partiklar på mätstationerna i Stadshuset och Lundåkrahamnen i Landskrona. Detta gjordes som ett led i att kontrollera luftkvaliten i Landskrona stad, särskilt med tanke på industrierna i Landskrona, som tidigare har givit höga halter av framförallt metal

We claim that experimental meson spectroscopy now requires the existence of constituent gluons. Drawing from several models, we study the number of mesons with given quantum numbers that can be expected in a given mass range, concentrating on pseudoscalars below 2 GeV. Counting only quark-antiquark states gives fewer mesons than are now seen, but including gluon degrees of freedom so that glueball

Methods for computing loop diagrams in confined scalar and gauge theories are developed. We construct propagators with different types of boundary conditions in boxes (rectangular cavities) using the method of image charges, which allows for a separation of the short-distance singularities. The techniques are illustrated by a calculation of the Casimir effect in a box using a covariant gauge, and

The postulate that ordinary hadrons contain intrinsic charm-quark states (such as |uudcc» in the proton) at the 1% level is shown to explain two sets of unexpected experimental results: (1) the copious diffractive production of charmed hadrons at large longitudinal momentum in high-energy proton-nucleon and pion-nucleon collisions, and (2) the anomalously large number of same-sign dimuon events ob

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease found wherever human is in direct or indirect contact with contaminated water and environment. Considering the increasing number of cases of this disease in the northern part of Iran, identifying areas characterized by high disease incidence risk can help policy-makers develop strategies to prevent its further spread. This study presents an approach for generati

Recent data give unexpectedly large cross-sections for charmed particle production at high xF in hadron collisions. This may imply that the proton has a non-negligible uudcc Fock component. The interesting consequences of such a hypothesis are explored.

We consider hadron production in deep inelastic scattering of electrons on photons. 1. (i)Exploiting the leading order QCD corrections due to gluon bremsstrahlung we find that the photon structure functions rapidly approach their asymptotic form which can be calculated in QCD. 2. (ii)Replacing QCD by a theory with a fixed quark-gluon coupling constant (scalar or abelian gluons) gives dramatic chan

We study deep inelastic scattering of an electron or positron on an almost real photon target in the reaction e+e− → e+e− + hadrons with C = +, where one e+ or e− is scattered at small or zero angle, yielding a virtual photon γ(k), k2 ∼ O(−me2). The other e− or e+ scatters on this virtual photon, emerging at large angle. We emphasize particularly: (i) the pointlike QCD contribution to the structur