We consider single-molecule fluorescence experiments with data in the form of counts of photons registered over multiple time-intervals. Based on the observation schemes, linking back to works by Dehmelt [Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 20 (1975) 60] and Cook and Kimble [Phys. Rev. Lett. 54 (1985) 1023], we propose an analytical approach to the data based on the theory of Markov-modulated Poisson processes (

Stimulation of muscarinic receptors is a main mechanism for contractile activation of the detrusor from both animals and humans. Muscarinic receptors are coupled to G-proteins, but the signal transduction systems may vary. In general, M-1 , M-3 and M-5 receptors are considered to couple preferentially to G(q/11) , activating phosphoinositide hydrolysis, in turn leading to mobilization of intracell

Background: Cigarette smoking is a strong risk factor for vascular disease and known to cause dysfunction of the endothelium. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are still not fully understood. Methods: In order to reveal the direct effects of lipid-soluble smoke particles on the endothelium, ring segments isolated from rat mesenteric arteries and human middle cerebral arteries (MCA) obtain

We discuss models for ultrawideband propagation channels. In contrast to conventional channels, a UWB channel extends over such a large bandwidth that the propagation conditions for the different frequency components can be markedly different. There is also a much better temporal resolution of multipath components, which leads to a breakdown of the usual assumption of Rayleigh fading. This paper p

The overall aim of this work was to study knee function movement pattern and knee osteoarthritis in males 14-16 years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. In the first study, 154 male subjects with a 14-year-old ACL injury were investigated. Self-reported knee function and radiographic signs of osteoarthritis were assessed. Most of the subjects (122/154) underwent knee radiographs, 78% o

In patients with airflow limitation caused by cigarette smoking, lung density measured by computed tomography is strongly correlated with quantitative pathology scores of emphysema, but the ability of lung densitometry to detect progression of emphysema is disputed. We assessed the sensitivity of lung densitometry as a parameter of disease progression of emphysema in comparison to FEV1 and gas tra

A new technique, the beta camera, to complement film autoradiography, with fast quantitative imaging of beta particle-emitting radionuclides has been developed. It consists of a thin plastic scintillator and a light-sensitive microchannel plate detector. The thin tissue sample is mounted on the scintillator. Our first system had a high background and a moderate spatial resolution of 900 microns. W

Disease-specific epitope profiles of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)65 autoantibodies (GAD65Ab) were studied in slowly progressive type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (SPIDDM) and acute onset type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (AIDDM) using seven kinds of GAD65/67 chimeric molecules. Sera obtained from Japanese SPIDDM (n = 17) and AIDDM (n = 46) patients followed prospectively

Synthesis of mediators of fever, pain and inflammation as well as protection against reactive molecules and oxidative stress is a hallmark of the MAPEG superfamily (membrane associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism). The structure of a MAPEG member, rat mictosomal glutathione transferase 1, at 3.2 angstrom resolution, solved here in complex with glutathione by electron crystall

Analys av den amerikansk high school-filmen under 1980- och 1990-talen

The standardization and clinical validation of the measurement of beta-amyloid(1-42) (Abeta42) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), plasma and urine is described using a commercially available sandwich-type ELISA with 21F12 and 3D6 as monoclonal antibodies. The INNOTEST beta-amyloid(1-42) allows the specific and reliable measurement of(1-42) amyloid peptides in CSF and plasma. The Abeta42 concentrations

Breeding success and adult survival of Redshank Tringa totanus on coastal meadows on Gotland, SE Sweden, was investigated in 1997–2003. Two periods with different breeding success could be detected. In 1997–1999, nest success varied between 43 and 64%. Chick survival was not studied in these years. In 2000–03, nest success was lower and varied between 6 and 20%. Survival of chicks from hatching to

We prove several results on holomorphic harmonic morphisms between Hermitian manifolds. In the non-compact case, we find conditions on holomorphic maps from domains in C-2 to C to retain the harmonicity when the metric is conformally changed. We conclude that there are no non-constant harmonic morphisms from S-4 minus a point to a Riemann surface. As for the compact case, we show that holomorphic

Acquired brain injuries can lead to cognitive, emotional as well as behavioural sequelae and can have a great impact on the affected person and his or her family. Over the last decade, pharmacological treatment has become an important part of brain injury rehabilitation. There is increasing clinical experience of the use of various drugs affecting neurotransmitters and cerebral function, but the s